A γ-ray burst at a redshift of z ≈ 8.2

Tanvir, N. R.; Fox, D. B.; Levan, A. J.; Berger, E.; Wiersema, K.; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Cucchiara, A.; Krühler, T.; Gehrels, N.; Bloom, J. S.; Greiner, J.; Evans, P. A.; Rol, E.; Olivares, F.; Hjorth, J.; Jakobsson, P.; Farihi, J.; Willingale, R.; Starling, R. L. C.; Cenko, S. B.; Perley, D.; Maund, J. R.; Duke, J.; Wijers, R. A. M. J.; Adamson, A. J.; Allan, A.; Bremer, M. N.; Burrows, D. N.; Castro-Tirado, A. J.; Cavanagh, B.; de Ugarte Postigo, A.; Dopita, M. A.; Fatkhullin, T. A.; Fruchter, A. S.; Foley, R. J.; Gorosabel, J.; Kennea, J.; Kerr, T.; Klose, S.; Krimm, H. A.; Komarova, V. N.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Moskvitin, A. S.; Mundell, C. G.; Naylor, T.; Page, K.; Penprase, B. E.; Perri, M.; Podsiadlowski, P.; Roth, K.; Rutledge, R. E.; Sakamoto, T.; Schady, P.; Schmidt, B. P.; Soderberg, A. M.; Sollerman, J.; Stephens, A. W.; Stratta, G.; Ukwatta, T. N.; Watson, D.; Westra, E.; Wold, T.; Wolf, C.

A γ-ray burst at a redshift of z ≈ 8.2

N. R. Tanvir (), D. B. Fox, A. J. Levan, E. Berger, K. Wiersema, J. P. U. Fynbo, A. Cucchiara, T. Krühler, N. Gehrels, J. S. Bloom, J. Greiner, P. A. Evans, E. Rol, F. Olivares, J. Hjorth, P. Jakobsson, J. Farihi, R. Willingale, R. L. C. Starling, S. B. Cenko, D. Perley, J. R. Maund, J. Duke, R. A. M. J. Wijers, A. J. Adamson, A. Allan, M. N. Bremer, D. N. Burrows, A. J. Castro-Tirado, B. Cavanagh, A. de Ugarte Postigo, M. A. Dopita, T. A. Fatkhullin, A. S. Fruchter, R. J. Foley, J. Gorosabel, J. Kennea, T. Kerr, S. Klose, H. A. Krimm, V. N. Komarova, S. R. Kulkarni, A. S. Moskvitin, C. G. Mundell, T. Naylor, K. Page, B. E. Penprase, M. Perri, P. Podsiadlowski, K. Roth, R. E. Rutledge, T. Sakamoto, P. Schady, B. P. Schmidt, A. M. Soderberg, J. Sollerman, A. W. Stephens, G. Stratta, T. N. Ukwatta, D. Watson, E. Westra, T. Wold and C. Wolf
Additional contact information
N. R. Tanvir: University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
D. B. Fox: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
A. J. Levan: University of Warwick
E. Berger: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
K. Wiersema: University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
J. P. U. Fynbo: Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
A. Cucchiara: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
T. Krühler: Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85740 Garching, Germany
N. Gehrels: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
J. S. Bloom: University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3411, USA
J. Greiner: Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85740 Garching, Germany
P. A. Evans: University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
E. Rol: Astronomical Institute “Anton Pannekoek”, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
F. Olivares: Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85740 Garching, Germany
J. Hjorth: Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
P. Jakobsson: Centre for Astrophysics and Cosmology, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 5, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
J. Farihi: University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
R. Willingale: University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
R. L. C. Starling: University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
S. B. Cenko: University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3411, USA
D. Perley: University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3411, USA
J. R. Maund: Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
J. Duke: University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
R. A. M. J. Wijers: Astronomical Institute “Anton Pannekoek”, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
A. J. Adamson: Joint Astronomy Centre, 660 North A’ohoku Place, University Park, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
A. Allan: School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
M. N. Bremer: H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
D. N. Burrows: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
A. J. Castro-Tirado: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, PO Box 03004, 18080 Granada, Spain
B. Cavanagh: Joint Astronomy Centre, 660 North A’ohoku Place, University Park, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
A. de Ugarte Postigo: European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile
M. A. Dopita: Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, The Australian National University, Cotter Road, Weston Creek, Australian Capital Territory 2611, Australia
T. A. Fatkhullin: Special Astrophysical Observatory, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Karachai-Cirkassian Republic, 369167, Russia
A. S. Fruchter: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
R. J. Foley: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
J. Gorosabel: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, PO Box 03004, 18080 Granada, Spain
J. Kennea: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
T. Kerr: Joint Astronomy Centre, 660 North A’ohoku Place, University Park, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
S. Klose: Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany
H. A. Krimm: CRESST and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
V. N. Komarova: Special Astrophysical Observatory, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Karachai-Cirkassian Republic, 369167, Russia
S. R. Kulkarni: California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
A. S. Moskvitin: Special Astrophysical Observatory, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Karachai-Cirkassian Republic, 369167, Russia
C. G. Mundell: Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University
T. Naylor: School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
K. Page: University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
B. E. Penprase: Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
M. Perri: ASI Science Data Center, Via Galileo Galilei, 00044 Frascati, Italy
P. Podsiadlowski: Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
K. Roth: Gemini Observatory, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
R. E. Rutledge: McGill University, 3600 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
T. Sakamoto: CRESST and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
P. Schady: The UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
B. P. Schmidt: Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, The Australian National University, Cotter Road, Weston Creek, Australian Capital Territory 2611, Australia
A. M. Soderberg: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
J. Sollerman: Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
A. W. Stephens: Gemini Observatory, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
G. Stratta: ASI Science Data Center, Via Galileo Galilei, 00044 Frascati, Italy
T. N. Ukwatta: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
D. Watson: Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
E. Westra: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
T. Wold: Joint Astronomy Centre, 660 North A’ohoku Place, University Park, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
C. Wolf: Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK

Nature, 2009, vol. 461, issue 7268, 1254-1257

Abstract: Bursting at high redshift Two groups present redshift determinations and other spectroscopic data for the γ-ray burst GRB 090423 — now the earliest and most distant astronomical object known. Salvaterra et al. report its initial detection with the Swift satellite on 23 April 2009, and a redshift determination with the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo on La Palma 14 hours after the burst, obtaining z ≈ 8.1. Tanvir et al. used the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope, Hawaii, from about 20 minutes after the burst and arrive at z ≈ 8.2. The previous highest redshift known for any object was z = 6.96 for a Lyman-α emitting galaxy. These measurements imply that massive stars were being produced and were dying as γ-ray bursts as early as about 600 million years after the Big Bang, and that their properties are very similar to those stars producing γ-ray bursts 10 billion years later.

Date: 2009
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DOI: 10.1038/nature08459

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