Endogenous non-retroviral RNA virus elements in mammalian genomes

Masayuki Horie, Tomoyuki Honda, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Yuki Kobayashi, Takuji Daito, Tatsuo Oshida, Kazuyoshi Ikuta, Patric Jern, Takashi Gojobori, John M. Coffin and Keizo Tomonaga ()
Additional contact information
Masayuki Horie: Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (BIKEN), Osaka University
Tomoyuki Honda: Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (BIKEN), Osaka University
Yoshiyuki Suzuki: Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
Yuki Kobayashi: Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
Takuji Daito: Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (BIKEN), Osaka University
Tatsuo Oshida: Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
Kazuyoshi Ikuta: Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (BIKEN), Osaka University
Patric Jern: Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
Takashi Gojobori: Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
John M. Coffin: Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
Keizo Tomonaga: Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (BIKEN), Osaka University

Nature, 2010, vol. 463, issue 7277, 84-87

Abstract: Viral 'fossils' in the genome DNA derived from endogenous retroviruses is a common ancestral feature in mammalian genomes. Until now retroviruses have been the only group of viruses known to have left a fossil record of this type, but now elements derived from Borna-like N (EBLN) sequences have been found in the genomes of humans, non-human primates, rodents and a species of ground squirrel. Bornaviruses are non-segmented, negative-strand RNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus of infected cells. In primates, the elements are very old, formed more than 40 million years ago, while squirrel EBLN sequences are a more recent introduction. The conservation of open reading frames of primate EBLNs, as well as their expression as mRNA, implies that they may function as a source of genetic novelty in their host.

Date: 2010
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DOI: 10.1038/nature08695

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