A mildly relativistic radio jet from the otherwise normal type Ic supernova 2007gr

Z. Paragi (), G. B. Taylor, C. Kouveliotou, J. Granot, E. Ramirez-Ruiz, M. Bietenholz, A. J. van der Horst, Y. Pidopryhora, H. J. van Langevelde, M. A. Garrett, A. Szomoru, M. K. Argo, S. Bourke and B. Paczyński
Additional contact information
Z. Paragi: Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE), Postbus 2, 7990AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
G. B. Taylor: University of New Mexico, MSC07 4220, 800 Yale Blvd NE Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
C. Kouveliotou: Space Science Office, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 38512, USA
J. Granot: Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
E. Ramirez-Ruiz: University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
M. Bietenholz: Hartebeesthoek Radio Observatory, PO Box 443, Krugersdorp, 1740, South Africa
A. J. van der Horst: Space Science Office, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 38512, USA
Y. Pidopryhora: Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE), Postbus 2, 7990AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
H. J. van Langevelde: Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE), Postbus 2, 7990AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
M. A. Garrett: Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
A. Szomoru: Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE), Postbus 2, 7990AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
M. K. Argo: Curtin Institute of Radio Astronomy, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
S. Bourke: Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE), Postbus 2, 7990AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands

Nature, 2010, vol. 463, issue 7280, 516-518

Abstract: Supernovae with a difference Two groups working independently report the observation of mildly relativistic outflows from seemingly ordinary type Ibc and type Ic supernovae. Soderberg et al. detected luminous radio emission from the type Ibc supernova SN 2009bb, implying an expansion velocity of 0.85 times the speed of light, and a minimum energy comparable to those of the radio afterglows of nearby γ-ray bursts. Paragi et al. observed mildly relativistic expansion (at 0.6 times the speed of light or more) for a small fraction of the ejecta from the type Ic supernova SN2007gr. These discoveries are relevant to the long-standing question of what makes a small fraction of supernova explosions eject material at relativistic speeds, producing the γ-ray bursts characteristic of the explosion of a massive star. Soderberg et al. conclude that only about 1% of type Ibc supernovae harbour central engines and Paragi et al. that most or all type Ic supernovae produce mildly relativistic jets, but as they account for only a small fraction of the total energy, they are very hard to detect.

Date: 2010
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DOI: 10.1038/nature08713

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