A relativistic type Ibc supernova without a detected γ-ray burst

A. M. Soderberg (), S. Chakraborti, G. Pignata, R. A. Chevalier, P. Chandra, A. Ray, M. H. Wieringa, A. Copete, V. Chaplin, V. Connaughton, S. D. Barthelmy, M. F. Bietenholz, N. Chugai, M. D. Stritzinger, M. Hamuy, C. Fransson, O. Fox, E. M. Levesque, J. E. Grindlay, P. Challis, R. J. Foley, R. P. Kirshner, P. A. Milne and M. A. P. Torres
Additional contact information
A. M. Soderberg: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS-51, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
S. Chakraborti: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
G. Pignata: Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile
R. A. Chevalier: University of Virginia, PO Box 400325, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
P. Chandra: Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7K 7B4
A. Ray: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
M. H. Wieringa: Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO
A. Copete: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS-51, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
V. Chaplin: University of Alabama, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
V. Connaughton: University of Alabama, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
S. D. Barthelmy: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
M. F. Bietenholz: York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
N. Chugai: Institute of Astronomy, RAS, Pyatnitskaya 48, Moscow 119017, Russia
M. D. Stritzinger: Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Observatories, Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile
M. Hamuy: Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile
C. Fransson: Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
O. Fox: University of Virginia, PO Box 400325, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
E. M. Levesque: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS-51, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
J. E. Grindlay: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS-51, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
P. Challis: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS-51, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
R. J. Foley: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS-51, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
R. P. Kirshner: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS-51, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
P. A. Milne: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
M. A. P. Torres: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS-51, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA

Nature, 2010, vol. 463, issue 7280, 513-515

Abstract: Supernovae with a difference Two groups working independently report the observation of mildly relativistic outflows from seemingly ordinary type Ibc and type Ic supernovae. Soderberg et al. detected luminous radio emission from the type Ibc supernova SN 2009bb, implying an expansion velocity of 0.85 times the speed of light, and a minimum energy comparable to those of the radio afterglows of nearby γ-ray bursts. Paragi et al. observed mildly relativistic expansion (at 0.6 times the speed of light or more) for a small fraction of the ejecta from the type Ic supernova SN2007gr. These discoveries are relevant to the long-standing question of what makes a small fraction of supernova explosions eject material at relativistic speeds, producing the γ-ray bursts characteristic of the explosion of a massive star. Soderberg et al. conclude that only about 1% of type Ibc supernovae harbour central engines and Paragi et al. that most or all type Ic supernovae produce mildly relativistic jets, but as they account for only a small fraction of the total energy, they are very hard to detect.

Date: 2010
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DOI: 10.1038/nature08714

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