Orm family proteins mediate sphingolipid homeostasis

David K. Breslow, Sean R. Collins, Bernd Bodenmiller, Ruedi Aebersold, Kai Simons, Andrej Shevchenko, Christer S. Ejsing and Jonathan S. Weissman ()
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David K. Breslow: Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology,
Sean R. Collins: Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology,
Bernd Bodenmiller: Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
Ruedi Aebersold: Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
Kai Simons: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
Andrej Shevchenko: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
Christer S. Ejsing: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
Jonathan S. Weissman: Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology,

Nature, 2010, vol. 463, issue 7284, 1048-1053

Abstract: Abstract Despite the essential roles of sphingolipids both as structural components of membranes and critical signalling molecules, we have a limited understanding of how cells sense and regulate their levels. Here we reveal the function in sphingolipid metabolism of the ORM genes (known as ORMDL genes in humans)—a conserved gene family that includes ORMDL3, which has recently been identified as a potential risk factor for childhood asthma. Starting from an unbiased functional genomic approach in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we identify Orm proteins as negative regulators of sphingolipid synthesis that form a conserved complex with serine palmitoyltransferase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme in sphingolipid production. We also define a regulatory pathway in which phosphorylation of Orm proteins relieves their inhibitory activity when sphingolipid production is disrupted. Changes in ORM gene expression or mutations to their phosphorylation sites cause dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism. Our work identifies the Orm proteins as critical mediators of sphingolipid homeostasis and raises the possibility that sphingolipid misregulation contributes to the development of childhood asthma.

Date: 2010
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DOI: 10.1038/nature08787

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