Périgord black truffle genome uncovers evolutionary origins and mechanisms of symbiosis

Francis Martin (), Annegret Kohler, Claude Murat, Raffaella Balestrini, Pedro M. Coutinho, Olivier Jaillon, Barbara Montanini, Emmanuelle Morin, Benjamin Noel, Riccardo Percudani, Bettina Porcel, Andrea Rubini, Antonella Amicucci, Joelle Amselem, Véronique Anthouard, Sergio Arcioni, François Artiguenave, Jean-Marc Aury, Paola Ballario, Angelo Bolchi, Andrea Brenna, Annick Brun, Marc Buée, Brandi Cantarel, Gérard Chevalier, Arnaud Couloux, Corinne Da Silva, France Denoeud, Sébastien Duplessis, Stefano Ghignone, Benoît Hilselberger, Mirco Iotti, Benoît Marçais, Antonietta Mello, Michele Miranda, Giovanni Pacioni, Hadi Quesneville, Claudia Riccioni, Roberta Ruotolo, Richard Splivallo, Vilberto Stocchi, Emilie Tisserant, Arturo Roberto Viscomi, Alessandra Zambonelli, Elisa Zampieri, Bernard Henrissat, Marc-Henri Lebrun, Francesco Paolocci, Paola Bonfante, Simone Ottonello and Patrick Wincker
Additional contact information
Francis Martin: INRA, UMR 1136, INRA-Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, 54280 Champenoux, France
Annegret Kohler: INRA, UMR 1136, INRA-Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, 54280 Champenoux, France
Claude Murat: INRA, UMR 1136, INRA-Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, 54280 Champenoux, France
Raffaella Balestrini: Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante del CNR, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
Pedro M. Coutinho: Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 6098 CNRS-Universités Aix-Marseille I & II
Olivier Jaillon: CEA, IG, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP5702, F-91057 Evry, France
Barbara Montanini: Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 23/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
Emmanuelle Morin: INRA, UMR 1136, INRA-Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, 54280 Champenoux, France
Benjamin Noel: CEA, IG, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP5702, F-91057 Evry, France
Riccardo Percudani: Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 23/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
Bettina Porcel: CEA, IG, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP5702, F-91057 Evry, France
Andrea Rubini: CNR-IGV Istituto di Genetica Vegetale, Unità Organizzativa di Supporto di Perugia, via Madonna Alta, 130, 06128 Perugia, Italy
Antonella Amicucci: Università degli Studi di Urbino
Joelle Amselem: INRA, Unité de Recherche Génomique Info, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78000 Versailles, France
Véronique Anthouard: CEA, IG, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP5702, F-91057 Evry, France
Sergio Arcioni: CNR-IGV Istituto di Genetica Vegetale, Unità Organizzativa di Supporto di Perugia, via Madonna Alta, 130, 06128 Perugia, Italy
François Artiguenave: CEA, IG, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP5702, F-91057 Evry, France
Jean-Marc Aury: CEA, IG, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP5702, F-91057 Evry, France
Paola Ballario: Università La Sapienza, Roma, Piazzale, A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
Angelo Bolchi: Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 23/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
Andrea Brenna: Università La Sapienza, Roma, Piazzale, A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
Annick Brun: INRA, UMR 1136, INRA-Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, 54280 Champenoux, France
Marc Buée: INRA, UMR 1136, INRA-Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, 54280 Champenoux, France
Brandi Cantarel: Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 6098 CNRS-Universités Aix-Marseille I & II
Gérard Chevalier: INRA, UMR Amélioration et Santé des Plantes, INRA-Université Blaise Pascal, INRA – Clermont-Theix, 63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France
Arnaud Couloux: CEA, IG, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP5702, F-91057 Evry, France
Corinne Da Silva: CEA, IG, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP5702, F-91057 Evry, France
France Denoeud: CEA, IG, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP5702, F-91057 Evry, France
Sébastien Duplessis: INRA, UMR 1136, INRA-Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, 54280 Champenoux, France
Stefano Ghignone: Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante del CNR, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
Benoît Hilselberger: INRA, UMR 1136, INRA-Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, 54280 Champenoux, France
Mirco Iotti: Università degli Studi di Bologna
Benoît Marçais: INRA, UMR 1136, INRA-Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, 54280 Champenoux, France
Antonietta Mello: Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante del CNR, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
Michele Miranda: Dipartimento di Biologia di Base ed Applicata,
Giovanni Pacioni: Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, Via Vetoio Coppito 1 - 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Hadi Quesneville: INRA, Unité de Recherche Génomique Info, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78000 Versailles, France
Claudia Riccioni: CNR-IGV Istituto di Genetica Vegetale, Unità Organizzativa di Supporto di Perugia, via Madonna Alta, 130, 06128 Perugia, Italy
Roberta Ruotolo: Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 23/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
Richard Splivallo: University of Goettingen, Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, Grisebachstrasse 6, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
Vilberto Stocchi: Università degli Studi di Urbino
Emilie Tisserant: INRA, UMR 1136, INRA-Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, 54280 Champenoux, France
Arturo Roberto Viscomi: Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 23/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
Alessandra Zambonelli: Università degli Studi di Bologna
Elisa Zampieri: Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante del CNR, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
Bernard Henrissat: Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 6098 CNRS-Universités Aix-Marseille I & II
Marc-Henri Lebrun: INRA, UMR BIOGER-CPP, INRA-Grignon, av Lucien Brétignières - 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France
Francesco Paolocci: CNR-IGV Istituto di Genetica Vegetale, Unità Organizzativa di Supporto di Perugia, via Madonna Alta, 130, 06128 Perugia, Italy
Paola Bonfante: Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante del CNR, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
Simone Ottonello: Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 23/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
Patrick Wincker: CEA, IG, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP5702, F-91057 Evry, France

Nature, 2010, vol. 464, issue 7291, 1033-1038

Abstract: The truffle genome The genome of the Périgord black truffle Tuber melanosporum Vittad., a gourmet delicacy that grows symbiotically on the roots of European oak, has been sequenced. This is the largest and most complex fungal genome so far sequenced. The genome is unusually gene-poor, but rich in the mobile genetic elements known as transposons. Comparison with the sequence of Laccaria bicolor, another ectomycorrhizal symbiotic fungus, reveals contrasting gene sets reflecting two different molecular toolkits that have evolved independently to fit the root symbiont lifestyle. Cultivation of the truffle is a complicated process, and most truffles are still harvested from the wild. So the analysis of genetic traits related to fruiting and symbiosis could help boost crop production and make black truffles more widely available.

Date: 2010
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DOI: 10.1038/nature08867

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