Intrusion triggering of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull explosive eruption

Freysteinn Sigmundsson (), Sigrún Hreinsdóttir, Andrew Hooper, Thóra Árnadóttir, Rikke Pedersen, Matthew J. Roberts, Níels Óskarsson, Amandine Auriac, Judicael Decriem, Páll Einarsson, Halldór Geirsson, Martin Hensch, Benedikt G. Ófeigsson, Erik Sturkell, Hjörleifur Sveinbjörnsson and Kurt L. Feigl
Additional contact information
Freysteinn Sigmundsson: Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, Reykjavik IS-101, Iceland
Sigrún Hreinsdóttir: Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, Reykjavik IS-101, Iceland
Andrew Hooper: Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
Thóra Árnadóttir: Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, Reykjavik IS-101, Iceland
Rikke Pedersen: Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, Reykjavik IS-101, Iceland
Matthew J. Roberts: Icelandic Meteorological Office, Bustadavegur 9, IS-150 Reykjavik, Iceland
Níels Óskarsson: Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, Reykjavik IS-101, Iceland
Amandine Auriac: Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, Reykjavik IS-101, Iceland
Judicael Decriem: Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, Reykjavik IS-101, Iceland
Páll Einarsson: Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, Reykjavik IS-101, Iceland
Halldór Geirsson: Icelandic Meteorological Office, Bustadavegur 9, IS-150 Reykjavik, Iceland
Martin Hensch: Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, Reykjavik IS-101, Iceland
Benedikt G. Ófeigsson: Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, Reykjavik IS-101, Iceland
Erik Sturkell: University of Gothenburg, Box 460, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
Hjörleifur Sveinbjörnsson: Icelandic Meteorological Office, Bustadavegur 9, IS-150 Reykjavik, Iceland
Kurt L. Feigl: University of Wisconsin-Madison

Nature, 2010, vol. 468, issue 7322, 426-430

Abstract: Volcanic unrest before the eruption that closed Europe's air space The ash cloud that brought chaos to European air traffic in April this year was the result of emissions from an Icelandic volcano that had been intermittently active for about 18 years. A combination of detailed space-based geodetic measurements and seismic monitoring of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in the run-up to the ash-producing explosive summit eruption reveals an unusual deformation pattern that may be attributed to its off-rift setting with relatively cool subsurface structure and limited magma at shallow depth. As to the predictability of such a dramatic reawakening, the immediate precursors to the initial eruption of the volcano in 2010 were subtle and difficult to detect, but the clear signs of volcanic unrest during the weeks, months and years preceding it may provide better clues to the catastrophic explosion.

Date: 2010
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DOI: 10.1038/nature09558

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