Reversing pathological neural activity using targeted plasticity

Navzer D. Engineer (), Jonathan R. Riley, Jonathan D. Seale, Will A. Vrana, Jai A. Shetake, Sindhu P. Sudanagunta, Michael S. Borland and Michael P. Kilgard
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Navzer D. Engineer: Cortical Plasticity Laboratory, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas
Jonathan R. Riley: Cortical Plasticity Laboratory, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas
Jonathan D. Seale: Cortical Plasticity Laboratory, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas
Will A. Vrana: Cortical Plasticity Laboratory, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas
Jai A. Shetake: Cortical Plasticity Laboratory, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas
Sindhu P. Sudanagunta: Cortical Plasticity Laboratory, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas
Michael S. Borland: Cortical Plasticity Laboratory, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas
Michael P. Kilgard: Cortical Plasticity Laboratory, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas

Nature, 2011, vol. 470, issue 7332, 101-104

Abstract: Sound idea for treating tinnitus Neuronal plasticity, the process by which the human brain changes as a result of experience, is thought to be the source of several chronic neurological conditions, including tinnitus. Using a rodent model for noise-induced tinnitus, Engineer et al. find that reversing neural plasticity induced by the tinnitus can correct perceptual impairment. Repeatedly pairing tones with a brief stimulation of the vagus nerve sharpens auditory neuron tuning and eliminates the physiological and behavioural signs of tinnitus. This proof of principle suggests that simply restoring normal neural activity to circuits that have been pathologically modified could provide a benefit in conditions involving aberrant neural plasticity.

Date: 2011
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DOI: 10.1038/nature09656

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