Latent TGF-β structure and activation

Minlong Shi, Jianghai Zhu, Rui Wang, Xing Chen, Lizhi Mi, Thomas Walz and Timothy A. Springer ()
Additional contact information
Minlong Shi: Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School
Jianghai Zhu: Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School
Rui Wang: Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School
Xing Chen: Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School
Lizhi Mi: Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School
Thomas Walz: Harvard Medical School
Timothy A. Springer: Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School

Nature, 2011, vol. 474, issue 7351, 343-349

Abstract: Abstract Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is stored in the extracellular matrix as a latent complex with its prodomain. Activation of TGF-β1 requires the binding of αv integrin to an RGD sequence in the prodomain and exertion of force on this domain, which is held in the extracellular matrix by latent TGF-β binding proteins. Crystals of dimeric porcine proTGF-β1 reveal a ring-shaped complex, a novel fold for the prodomain, and show how the prodomain shields the growth factor from recognition by receptors and alters its conformation. Complex formation between αvβ6 integrin and the prodomain is insufficient for TGF-β1 release. Force-dependent activation requires unfastening of a ‘straitjacket’ that encircles each growth-factor monomer at a position that can be locked by a disulphide bond. Sequences of all 33 TGF-β family members indicate a similar prodomain fold. The structure provides insights into the regulation of a family of growth and differentiation factors of fundamental importance in morphogenesis and homeostasis.

Date: 2011
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DOI: 10.1038/nature10152

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