The landscape of recombination in African Americans

Anjali G. Hinch, Arti Tandon, Nick Patterson, Yunli Song, Nadin Rohland, Cameron D. Palmer, Gary K. Chen, Kai Wang, Sarah G. Buxbaum, Ermeg L. Akylbekova, Melinda C. Aldrich, Christine B. Ambrosone, Christopher Amos, Elisa V. Bandera, Sonja I. Berndt, Leslie Bernstein, William J. Blot, Cathryn H. Bock, Eric Boerwinkle, Qiuyin Cai, Neil Caporaso, Graham Casey, L. Adrienne Cupples, Sandra L. Deming, W. Ryan Diver, Jasmin Divers, Myriam Fornage, Elizabeth M. Gillanders, Joseph Glessner, Curtis C. Harris, Jennifer J. Hu, Sue A. Ingles, William Isaacs, Esther M. John, W. H. Linda Kao, Brendan Keating, Rick A. Kittles, Laurence N. Kolonel, Emma Larkin, Loic Le Marchand, Lorna H. McNeill, Robert C. Millikan, Murphy, Solomon Musani, Christine Neslund-Dudas, Sarah Nyante, George J. Papanicolaou, Michael F. Press, Bruce M. Psaty, Alex P. Reiner, Stephen S. Rich, Jorge L. Rodriguez-Gil, Jerome I. Rotter, Benjamin A. Rybicki, Ann G. Schwartz, Lisa B. Signorello, Margaret Spitz, Sara S. Strom, Michael J. Thun, Margaret A. Tucker, Zhaoming Wang, John K. Wiencke, John S. Witte, Margaret Wrensch, Xifeng Wu, Yuko Yamamura, Krista A. Zanetti, Wei Zheng, Regina G. Ziegler, Xiaofeng Zhu, Susan Redline, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Brian E. Henderson, Herman A. Taylor, Alkes L. Price, Hakon Hakonarson, Stephen J. Chanock, Christopher A. Haiman, James G. Wilson, David Reich () and Simon R. Myers
Additional contact information
Anjali G. Hinch: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
Arti Tandon: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Nick Patterson: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Yunli Song: Oxford University, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK.
Nadin Rohland: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Cameron D. Palmer: Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Gary K. Chen: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
Kai Wang: Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California
Sarah G. Buxbaum: Jackson Heart Study Coordinating Center, Jackson State University, 350 W. Woodrow Wilson Ave., Suite 701, Jackson, Mississippi 39213, USA.
Ermeg L. Akylbekova: Jackson Heart Study Coordinating Center, Jackson State University, 350 W. Woodrow Wilson Ave., Suite 701, Jackson, Mississippi 39213, USA.
Melinda C. Aldrich: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Christine B. Ambrosone: Roswell Park Cancer Institute
Christopher Amos: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Elisa V. Bandera: The Cancer Institute of New Jersey
Sonja I. Berndt: National Cancer Institute
Leslie Bernstein: Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, California 91010, USA.
William J. Blot: Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center; and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Cathryn H. Bock: Wayne State University of Medicine
Eric Boerwinkle: University of Texas at Houston, 1200 Herman Pressler St., Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Qiuyin Cai: Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center; and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Neil Caporaso: National Cancer Institute
Graham Casey: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
L. Adrienne Cupples: Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02118 and Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.
Sandra L. Deming: Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center; and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
W. Ryan Diver: Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society
Jasmin Divers: Wake Forest University School of Medicine WC-2326, Medical Center Blvd., Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
Myriam Fornage: School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Elizabeth M. Gillanders: National Cancer Institute
Joseph Glessner: Center for Applied Genomics, The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Curtis C. Harris: Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
Jennifer J. Hu: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Sue A. Ingles: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
William Isaacs: James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institutions
Esther M. John: Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California 94538; and Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
W. H. Linda Kao: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Brendan Keating: Center for Applied Genomics, The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Rick A. Kittles: University of Illinois at Chicago
Laurence N. Kolonel: Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA.
Emma Larkin: Pulmonary and Critical Care, 6100 Medical Center East, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8300, USA.
Loic Le Marchand: Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA.
Lorna H. McNeill: Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, and Center for Community Implementation and Dissemination Research, Duncan Family Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Robert C. Millikan: Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina
Murphy: Northwestern University
Solomon Musani: University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA.
Christine Neslund-Dudas: Henry Ford Hospital
Sarah Nyante: Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina
George J. Papanicolaou: National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Michael F. Press: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
Bruce M. Psaty: Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Epidemiology & Health Services, University of Washington; Group Health Cooperative; 1730 Minor Ave., Seattle, Washington 98101, USA.
Alex P. Reiner: University of Washington, Box 357236 Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
Stephen S. Rich: Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, West Complex Room 6111, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
Jorge L. Rodriguez-Gil: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Jerome I. Rotter: Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
Benjamin A. Rybicki: Henry Ford Hospital
Ann G. Schwartz: Wayne State University of Medicine
Lisa B. Signorello: Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center; and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Margaret Spitz: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Sara S. Strom: The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Michael J. Thun: Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society
Margaret A. Tucker: National Cancer Institute
Zhaoming Wang: Core Genotype Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick
John K. Wiencke: University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.
John S. Witte: Institute for Human Genetics, University of California
Margaret Wrensch: University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.
Xifeng Wu: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Yuko Yamamura: The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Krista A. Zanetti: National Cancer Institute
Wei Zheng: Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center; and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Regina G. Ziegler: National Cancer Institute
Xiaofeng Zhu: School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building, Cleveland, Ohio 4106, USA.
Susan Redline: Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Joel N. Hirschhorn: Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Brian E. Henderson: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
Herman A. Taylor: University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA.
Alkes L. Price: Harvard School of Public Health
Hakon Hakonarson: Center for Applied Genomics, The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Stephen J. Chanock: National Cancer Institute
Christopher A. Haiman: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
James G. Wilson: University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA.
David Reich: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Simon R. Myers: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.

Nature, 2011, vol. 476, issue 7359, 170-175

Abstract: Abstract Recombination, together with mutation, gives rise to genetic variation in populations. Here we leverage the recent mixture of people of African and European ancestry in the Americas to build a genetic map measuring the probability of crossing over at each position in the genome, based on about 2.1 million crossovers in 30,000 unrelated African Americans. At intervals of more than three megabases it is nearly identical to a map built in Europeans. At finer scales it differs significantly, and we identify about 2,500 recombination hotspots that are active in people of West African ancestry but nearly inactive in Europeans. The probability of a crossover at these hotspots is almost fully controlled by the alleles an individual carries at PRDM9 (P value

Date: 2011
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DOI: 10.1038/nature10336

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