The genome sequence of Atlantic cod reveals a unique immune system

Bastiaan Star, Alexander J. Nederbragt, Sissel Jentoft, Unni Grimholt, Martin Malmstrøm, Tone F. Gregers, Trine B. Rounge, Jonas Paulsen, Monica H. Solbakken, Animesh Sharma, Ola F. Wetten, Anders Lanzén, Roger Winer, James Knight, Jan-Hinnerk Vogel, Bronwen Aken, Øivind Andersen, Karin Lagesen, Ave Tooming-Klunderud, Rolf B. Edvardsen, Kirubakaran G. Tina, Mari Espelund, Chirag Nepal, Christopher Previti, Bård Ove Karlsen, Truls Moum, Morten Skage, Paul R. Berg, Tor Gjøen, Heiner Kuhl, Jim Thorsen, Ketil Malde, Richard Reinhardt, Lei Du, Steinar D. Johansen, Steve Searle, Sigbjørn Lien, Frank Nilsen, Inge Jonassen, Stig W. Omholt, Nils Chr. Stenseth and Kjetill S. Jakobsen ()
Additional contact information
Bastiaan Star: Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
Alexander J. Nederbragt: Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
Sissel Jentoft: Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
Unni Grimholt: Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
Martin Malmstrøm: Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
Tone F. Gregers: Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Blindern
Trine B. Rounge: Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
Jonas Paulsen: Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
Monica H. Solbakken: Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
Animesh Sharma: University of Bergen
Ola F. Wetten: Hedmark University College, P.O. Box 4010, Bedriftsenteret
Anders Lanzén: Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen
Roger Winer: 454 Life Sciences, 15 Commercial Street
James Knight: 454 Life Sciences, 15 Commercial Street
Jan-Hinnerk Vogel: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton
Bronwen Aken: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton
Øivind Andersen: Nofima Marine, P.O. Box 5010
Karin Lagesen: Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
Ave Tooming-Klunderud: Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
Rolf B. Edvardsen: Institute of Marine Research, P.O., Box 1870, Nordnes
Kirubakaran G. Tina: Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
Mari Espelund: Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
Chirag Nepal: University of Bergen
Christopher Previti: Computational Biology Unit, Uni Computing, Uni Research AS
Bård Ove Karlsen: Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of Nordland
Truls Moum: Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of Nordland
Morten Skage: Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
Paul R. Berg: Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
Tor Gjøen: School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern
Heiner Kuhl: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73
Jim Thorsen: Institute for Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Sciences
Ketil Malde: Institute of Marine Research, P.O., Box 1870, Nordnes
Richard Reinhardt: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73
Lei Du: 454 Life Sciences, 15 Commercial Street
Steinar D. Johansen: Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of Nordland
Steve Searle: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton
Sigbjørn Lien: CIGENE, Centre for Integrative Genetics, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003
Frank Nilsen: PO Box 7803, University of Bergen
Inge Jonassen: University of Bergen
Stig W. Omholt: Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
Nils Chr. Stenseth: Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
Kjetill S. Jakobsen: Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern

Nature, 2011, vol. 477, issue 7363, 207-210

Abstract: Cod goes its own way on immunity The genome of the Atlantic cod has been sequenced, and genomic analysis reveals an immune system that differs significantly from that in other vertebrates. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II has been lost, as have some other genes that are essential for MHC II function. But there is an expansion in the number of MHC I genes and a unique composition for its toll-like receptor family. These compensatory changes in both adaptive and innate immunity mean that cod is no more susceptible to disease than most other vertebrates. These findings challenge current models of vertebrate immune evolution, and may facilitate the development of targeted vaccines for disease management in aquaculture.

Date: 2011
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DOI: 10.1038/nature10342

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