Creation and diagnosis of a solid-density plasma with an X-ray free-electron laser

S. M. Vinko (), O. Ciricosta, B. I. Cho, K. Engelhorn, H.-K. Chung, C. R. D. Brown, T. Burian, J. Chalupský, R. W. Falcone, C. Graves, V. Hájková, A. Higginbotham, L. Juha, J. Krzywinski, H. J. Lee, M. Messerschmidt, C. D. Murphy, Y. Ping, A. Scherz, W. Schlotter, S. Toleikis, J. J. Turner, L. Vysin, T. Wang, B. Wu, U. Zastrau, D. Zhu, R. W. Lee, P. A. Heimann, B. Nagler and J. S. Wark
Additional contact information
S. M. Vinko: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
O. Ciricosta: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
B. I. Cho: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
K. Engelhorn: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
H.-K. Chung: Atomic and Molecular Data Unit, Nuclear Data Section, IAEA, PO Box 100, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
C. R. D. Brown: AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, UK
T. Burian: Institute of Physics ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
J. Chalupský: Institute of Physics ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
R. W. Falcone: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
C. Graves: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road
V. Hájková: Institute of Physics ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
A. Higginbotham: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
L. Juha: Institute of Physics ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
J. Krzywinski: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road
H. J. Lee: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road
M. Messerschmidt: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road
C. D. Murphy: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
Y. Ping: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue
A. Scherz: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road
W. Schlotter: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road
S. Toleikis: Deutsches-Elektronensynchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
J. J. Turner: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road
L. Vysin: Institute of Physics ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
T. Wang: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road
B. Wu: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road
U. Zastrau: IOQ, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
D. Zhu: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road
R. W. Lee: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road
P. A. Heimann: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
B. Nagler: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road
J. S. Wark: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK

Nature, 2012, vol. 482, issue 7383, 59-62

Abstract: Experimental study of the interactions between intense X-rays and solid matter illustrate the generation of a solid-density plasma governed by electron–ion collisions; these results should inform future high-intensity X-ray experiments involving dense samples, such as X-ray diffractive imaging of biological samples, material science investigations, and the study of matter in extreme conditions.

Date: 2012
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DOI: 10.1038/nature10746

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