Combined pesticide exposure severely affects individual- and colony-level traits in bees

Richard J. Gill (), Oscar Ramos-Rodriguez and Nigel E. Raine ()
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Richard J. Gill: School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
Oscar Ramos-Rodriguez: School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
Nigel E. Raine: School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK

Nature, 2012, vol. 491, issue 7422, 105-108

Abstract: Chronic exposure of bumblebees to two pesticides (a neonicotinoid and a pyrethroid) independently and in combination, at concentrations approximating field-level exposure, impairs natural foraging behaviour and increases worker mortality, with knock-on effects for brood development and colony success.

Date: 2012
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DOI: 10.1038/nature11585

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