Craniofacial development of hagfishes and the evolution of vertebrates

Yasuhiro Oisi, Kinya G. Ota, Shigehiro Kuraku, Satoko Fujimoto and Shigeru Kuratani ()
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Yasuhiro Oisi: Graduate School of Science, Kobe University
Kinya G. Ota: Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan 26242, Taiwan
Shigehiro Kuraku: Genome Resource and Analysis Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology
Satoko Fujimoto: Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology
Shigeru Kuratani: Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology

Nature, 2013, vol. 493, issue 7431, 175-180

Abstract: Abstract Cyclostomes, the living jawless vertebrates including hagfishes and lampreys, represent the most basal lineage of vertebrates. Although the monophyly of cyclostomes has been supported by recent molecular analyses, the phenotypic traits of hagfishes, especially the lack of some vertebrate-defining features and the reported endodermal origin of the adenohypophysis, have been interpreted as hagfishes exhibiting a more ancestral state than those of all other vertebrates. Furthermore, the adult anatomy of hagfishes cannot be compared easily with that of lampreys. Here we describe the craniofacial development of a series of staged hagfish embryos, which shows that their adenohypophysis arises ectodermally, consistent with the molecular phylogenetic data. This finding also allowed us to identify a pan-cyclostome pattern, one not shared by jawed vertebrates. Comparative analyses indicated that many of the hagfish-specific traits can be explained by changes secondarily introduced into the hagfish lineage. We also propose a possibility that the pan-cyclostome pattern may reflect the ancestral programme for the craniofacial development of all living vertebrates.

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1038/nature11794

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