Recalibrating Equus evolution using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse

Ludovic Orlando (), Aurélien Ginolhac, Guojie Zhang, Duane Froese, Anders Albrechtsen, Mathias Stiller, Mikkel Schubert, Enrico Cappellini, Bent Petersen, Ida Moltke, Philip L. F. Johnson, Matteo Fumagalli, Julia T. Vilstrup, Maanasa Raghavan, Thorfinn Korneliussen, Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas, Josef Vogt, Damian Szklarczyk, Christian D. Kelstrup, Jakob Vinther, Andrei Dolocan, Jesper Stenderup, Amhed M. V. Velazquez, James Cahill, Morten Rasmussen, Xiaoli Wang, Jiumeng Min, Grant D. Zazula, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Cecilie Mortensen, Kim Magnussen, John F. Thompson, Jacobo Weinstock, Kristian Gregersen, Knut H. Røed, Véra Eisenmann, Carl J. Rubin, Donald C. Miller, Douglas F. Antczak, Mads F. Bertelsen, Søren Brunak, Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid, Oliver Ryder, Leif Andersson, John Mundy, Anders Krogh, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Kurt Kjær, Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten, Lars Juhl Jensen, Jesper V. Olsen, Michael Hofreiter, Rasmus Nielsen, Beth Shapiro, Jun Wang () and Eske Willerslev ()
Additional contact information
Ludovic Orlando: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Aurélien Ginolhac: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Guojie Zhang: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
Duane Froese: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
Anders Albrechtsen: The Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
Mathias Stiller: University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
Mikkel Schubert: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Enrico Cappellini: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Bent Petersen: Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark
Ida Moltke: The Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
Philip L. F. Johnson: Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
Matteo Fumagalli: University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Julia T. Vilstrup: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Maanasa Raghavan: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Thorfinn Korneliussen: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Josef Vogt: Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark
Damian Szklarczyk: Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
Christian D. Kelstrup: Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
Jakob Vinther: Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Road, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
Andrei Dolocan: Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
Jesper Stenderup: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Amhed M. V. Velazquez: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
James Cahill: University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
Morten Rasmussen: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Xiaoli Wang: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
Jiumeng Min: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
Grant D. Zazula: Government of Yukon, Yukon Palaeontology Program, PO Box 2703 L2A, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory Y1A 2C6, Canada
Andaine Seguin-Orlando: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Cecilie Mortensen: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Kim Magnussen: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
John F. Thompson: NABsys Inc, 60 Clifford Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
Jacobo Weinstock: Archeology, University of Southampton, Avenue Campus, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BF, UK
Kristian Gregersen: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Knut H. Røed: Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
Véra Eisenmann: UMR 5143 du CNRS, paléobiodiversité et paléoenvironnements, MNHN, CP 38, 8, rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
Carl J. Rubin: Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University
Donald C. Miller: Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
Douglas F. Antczak: Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
Mads F. Bertelsen: Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
Søren Brunak: Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark
Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid: College of Science, King Saud University
Oliver Ryder: San Diego Zoo’s Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, California 92027, USA
Leif Andersson: Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University
John Mundy: University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
Anders Krogh: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
M. Thomas P. Gilbert: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Kurt Kjær: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten: Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark
Lars Juhl Jensen: Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
Jesper V. Olsen: Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
Michael Hofreiter: The University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
Rasmus Nielsen: University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Beth Shapiro: University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
Jun Wang: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
Eske Willerslev: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark

Nature, 2013, vol. 499, issue 7456, 74-78

Abstract: A low-coverage draft genome sequence from a horse bone recovered from permafrost dated to approximately 560–780 thousand years ago is presented; this represents the oldest full genome sequence to date by almost an order of magnitude.

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1038/nature12323

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