Slowly fading super-luminous supernovae that are not pair-instability explosions

M. Nicholl (), S. J. Smartt, A. Jerkstrand, C. Inserra, M. McCrum, R. Kotak, M. Fraser, D. Wright, T.-W. Chen, K. Smith, D. R. Young, S. A. Sim, S. Valenti, D. A. Howell, F. Bresolin, R. P. Kudritzki, J. L. Tonry, M. E. Huber, A. Rest, A. Pastorello, L. Tomasella, E. Cappellaro, S. Benetti, S. Mattila, E. Kankare, T. Kangas, G. Leloudas, J. Sollerman, F. Taddia, E. Berger, R. Chornock, G. Narayan, C. W. Stubbs, R. J. Foley, R. Lunnan, A. Soderberg, N. Sanders, D. Milisavljevic, R. Margutti, R. P. Kirshner, N. Elias-Rosa, A. Morales-Garoffolo, S. Taubenberger, M. T. Botticella, S. Gezari, Y. Urata, S. Rodney, A. G. Riess, D. Scolnic, W. M. Wood-Vasey, W. S. Burgett, K. Chambers, H. A. Flewelling, E. A. Magnier, N. Kaiser, N. Metcalfe, J. Morgan, P. A. Price, W. Sweeney and C. Waters
Additional contact information
M. Nicholl: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
S. J. Smartt: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
A. Jerkstrand: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
C. Inserra: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
M. McCrum: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
R. Kotak: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
M. Fraser: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
D. Wright: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
T.-W. Chen: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
K. Smith: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
D. R. Young: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
S. A. Sim: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
S. Valenti: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102 Goleta, California 93117, USA
D. A. Howell: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102 Goleta, California 93117, USA
F. Bresolin: Institute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
R. P. Kudritzki: Institute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
J. L. Tonry: Institute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
M. E. Huber: Institute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
A. Rest: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive
A. Pastorello: INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
L. Tomasella: INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
E. Cappellaro: INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
S. Benetti: INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
S. Mattila: Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland
E. Kankare: Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland
T. Kangas: Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland
G. Leloudas: The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
J. Sollerman: The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
F. Taddia: The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
E. Berger: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street
R. Chornock: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street
G. Narayan: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street
C. W. Stubbs: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street
R. J. Foley: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street
R. Lunnan: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street
A. Soderberg: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street
N. Sanders: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street
D. Milisavljevic: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street
R. Margutti: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street
R. P. Kirshner: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street
N. Elias-Rosa: Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Facultat de Ciències, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
A. Morales-Garoffolo: Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Facultat de Ciències, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
S. Taubenberger: Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
M. T. Botticella: INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Salita Moiariello 16, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
S. Gezari: University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-2421, USA
Y. Urata: Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Chung-Li 32054, Taiwan
S. Rodney: Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
A. G. Riess: Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
D. Scolnic: Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
W. M. Wood-Vasey: Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Center, University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
W. S. Burgett: Institute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
K. Chambers: Institute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
H. A. Flewelling: Institute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
E. A. Magnier: Institute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
N. Kaiser: Institute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
N. Metcalfe: Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
J. Morgan: Institute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
P. A. Price: Princeton University
W. Sweeney: Institute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
C. Waters: Institute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA

Nature, 2013, vol. 502, issue 7471, 346-349

Abstract: Observations of two slow-to-fade super-luminous supernovae are reported; both show relatively fast rise times and blue colours, which are incompatible with pair-instability models.

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1038/nature12569

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