Upwash exploitation and downwash avoidance by flap phasing in ibis formation flight

Steven J. Portugal (), Tatjana Y. Hubel, Johannes Fritz, Stefanie Heese, Daniela Trobe, Bernhard Voelkl, Stephen Hailes, Alan M. Wilson and James R. Usherwood
Additional contact information
Steven J. Portugal: Structure & Motion Laboratory, the Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
Tatjana Y. Hubel: Structure & Motion Laboratory, the Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
Johannes Fritz: Waldrappteam, Schulgasse 28, 6162 Mutters, Austria
Stefanie Heese: Waldrappteam, Schulgasse 28, 6162 Mutters, Austria
Daniela Trobe: Waldrappteam, Schulgasse 28, 6162 Mutters, Austria
Bernhard Voelkl: Waldrappteam, Schulgasse 28, 6162 Mutters, Austria
Stephen Hailes: Structure & Motion Laboratory, the Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
Alan M. Wilson: Structure & Motion Laboratory, the Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
James R. Usherwood: Structure & Motion Laboratory, the Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK

Nature, 2014, vol. 505, issue 7483, 399-402

Abstract: Position and flap phasing between birds in formation flight indicate aerodynamic benefit.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/nature12939

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