Targeted genome editing in human repopulating haematopoietic stem cells

Pietro Genovese, Giulia Schiroli, Giulia Escobar, Tiziano Di Tomaso, Claudia Firrito, Andrea Calabria, Davide Moi, Roberta Mazzieri, Chiara Bonini, Michael C. Holmes, Philip D. Gregory, Mirjam van der Burg, Bernhard Gentner, Eugenio Montini, Angelo Lombardo and Luigi Naldini ()
Additional contact information
Pietro Genovese: TIGET, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
Giulia Schiroli: TIGET, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
Giulia Escobar: TIGET, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
Tiziano Di Tomaso: TIGET, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
Claudia Firrito: TIGET, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
Andrea Calabria: TIGET, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
Davide Moi: TIGET, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
Roberta Mazzieri: TIGET, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
Chiara Bonini: Experimental Hematology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
Michael C. Holmes: Sangamo BioSciences Inc.
Philip D. Gregory: Sangamo BioSciences Inc.
Mirjam van der Burg: University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Bernhard Gentner: TIGET, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
Eugenio Montini: TIGET, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
Angelo Lombardo: TIGET, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
Luigi Naldini: TIGET, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy

Nature, 2014, vol. 510, issue 7504, 235-240

Abstract: Abstract Targeted genome editing by artificial nucleases has brought the goal of site-specific transgene integration and gene correction within the reach of gene therapy. However, its application to long-term repopulating haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has remained elusive. Here we show that poor permissiveness to gene transfer and limited proficiency of the homology-directed DNA repair pathway constrain gene targeting in human HSCs. By tailoring delivery platforms and culture conditions we overcame these barriers and provide stringent evidence of targeted integration in human HSCs by long-term multilineage repopulation of transplanted mice. We demonstrate the therapeutic potential of our strategy by targeting a corrective complementary DNA into the IL2RG gene of HSCs from healthy donors and a subject with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1). Gene-edited HSCs sustained normal haematopoiesis and gave rise to functional lymphoid cells that possess a selective growth advantage over those carrying disruptive IL2RG mutations. These results open up new avenues for treating SCID-X1 and other diseases.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/nature13420

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