Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology

Adam E. Locke, Bratati Kahali, Sonja I. Berndt, Anne E. Justice, Tune H. Pers, Felix R. Day, Corey Powell, Sailaja Vedantam, Martin L. Buchkovich, Jian Yang, Damien C. Croteau-Chonka, Tonu Esko, Tove Fall, Teresa Ferreira, Stefan Gustafsson, Zoltán Kutalik, Jian’an Luan, Reedik Mägi, Joshua C. Randall, Thomas W. Winkler, Andrew R. Wood, Tsegaselassie Workalemahu, Jessica D. Faul, Jennifer A. Smith, Jing Hua Zhao, Wei Zhao, Jin Chen, Rudolf Fehrmann, Åsa K. Hedman, Juha Karjalainen, Ellen M. Schmidt, Devin Absher, Najaf Amin, Denise Anderson, Marian Beekman, Jennifer L. Bolton, Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham, Steven Buyske, Ayse Demirkan, Guohong Deng, Georg B. Ehret, Bjarke Feenstra, Mary F. Feitosa, Krista Fischer, Anuj Goel, Jian Gong, Anne U. Jackson, Stavroula Kanoni, Marcus E. Kleber, Kati Kristiansson, Unhee Lim, Vaneet Lotay, Massimo Mangino, Irene Mateo Leach, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Sarah E. Medland, Michael A. Nalls, Cameron D. Palmer, Dorota Pasko, Sonali Pechlivanis, Marjolein J. Peters, Inga Prokopenko, Dmitry Shungin, Alena Stančáková, Rona J. Strawbridge, Yun Ju Sung, Toshiko Tanaka, Alexander Teumer, Stella Trompet, Sander W. van der Laan, Jessica van Setten, Jana V. Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Zhaoming Wang, Loïc Yengo, Weihua Zhang, Aaron Isaacs, Eva Albrecht, Johan Ärnlöv, Gillian M. Arscott, Antony P. Attwood, Stefania Bandinelli, Amy Barrett, Isabelita N. Bas, Claire Bellis, Amanda J. Bennett, Christian Berne, Roza Blagieva, Matthias Blüher, Stefan Böhringer, Lori L. Bonnycastle, Yvonne Böttcher, Heather A. Boyd, Marcel Bruinenberg, Ida H. Caspersen, Yii- Der Ida Chen, Robert Clarke, E. Warwick Daw, Anton J. M. de Craen, Graciela Delgado, Maria Dimitriou, Alex S. F. Doney, Niina Eklund, Karol Estrada, Elodie Eury, Lasse Folkersen, Ross M. Fraser, Melissa E. Garcia, Frank Geller, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Bruna Gigante, Alan S. Go, Alain Golay, Alison H. Goodall, Scott D. Gordon, Mathias Gorski, Hans-Jörgen Grabe, Harald Grallert, Tanja B. Grammer, Jürgen Gräßler, Henrik Grönberg, Christopher J. Groves, Gaëlle Gusto, Jeffrey Haessler, Per Hall, Toomas Haller, Goran Hallmans, Catharina A. Hartman, Maija Hassinen, Caroline Hayward, Nancy L. Heard-Costa, Quinta Helmer, Christian Hengstenberg, Oddgeir Holmen, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Alan L. James, Janina M. Jeff, Åsa Johansson, Jennifer Jolley, Thorhildur Juliusdottir, Leena Kinnunen, Wolfgang Koenig, Markku Koskenvuo, Wolfgang Kratzer, Jaana Laitinen, Claudia Lamina, Karin Leander, Nanette R. Lee, Peter Lichtner, Lars Lind, Jaana Lindström, Ken Sin Lo, Stéphane Lobbens, Roberto Lorbeer, Yingchang Lu, François Mach, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Anubha Mahajan, Wendy L. McArdle, Stela McLachlan, Cristina Menni, Sigrun Merger, Evelin Mihailov, Lili Milani, Alireza Moayyeri, Keri L. Monda, Mario A. Morken, Antonella Mulas, Gabriele Müller, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Arthur W. Musk, Ramaiah Nagaraja, Markus M. Nöthen, Ilja M. Nolte, Stefan Pilz, Nigel W. Rayner, Frida Renstrom, Rainer Rettig, Janina S. Ried, Stephan Ripke, Neil R. Robertson, Lynda M. Rose, Serena Sanna, Hubert Scharnagl, Salome Scholtens, Fredrick R. Schumacher, William R. Scott, Thomas Seufferlein, Jianxin Shi, Albert Vernon Smith, Joanna Smolonska, Alice V. Stanton, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Kathleen Stirrups, Heather M. Stringham, Johan Sundström, Morris A. Swertz, Amy J. Swift, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Sian-Tsung Tan, Bamidele O. Tayo, Barbara Thorand, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Hae-Won Uh, Liesbeth Vandenput, Frank C. Verhulst, Sita H. Vermeulen, Niek Verweij, Judith M. Vonk, Lindsay L. Waite, Helen R. Warren, Dawn Waterworth, Michael N. Weedon, Lynne R. Wilkens, Christina Willenborg, Tom Wilsgaard, Mary K. Wojczynski, Andrew Wong, Alan F. Wright, Qunyuan Zhang, Eoin P. Brennan, Murim Choi, Zari Dastani, Alexander W. Drong, Per Eriksson, Anders Franco-Cereceda, Jesper R. Gådin, Ali G. Gharavi, Michael E. Goddard, Robert E. Handsaker, Jinyan Huang, Fredrik Karpe, Sekar Kathiresan, Sarah Keildson, Krzysztof Kiryluk, Michiaki Kubo, Jong-Young Lee, Liming Liang, Richard P. Lifton, Baoshan Ma, Steven A. McCarroll, Amy J. McKnight, Josine L. Min, Miriam F. Moffatt, Grant W. Montgomery, Joanne M. Murabito, George Nicholson, Dale R. Nyholt, Yukinori Okada, John R. B. Perry, Rajkumar Dorajoo, Eva Reinmaa, Rany M. Salem, Niina Sandholm, Robert A. Scott, Lisette Stolk, Atsushi Takahashi, Toshihiro Tanaka, Ferdinand M. van’t Hooft, Anna A. E. Vinkhuyzen, Harm-Jan Westra, Wei Zheng, Krina T. Zondervan, Andrew C. Heath, Dominique Arveiler, Stephan J. L. Bakker, John Beilby, Richard N. Bergman, John Blangero, Pascal Bovet, Harry Campbell, Mark J. Caulfield, Giancarlo Cesana, Aravinda Chakravarti, Daniel I. Chasman, Peter S. Chines, Francis S. Collins, Dana C. Crawford, L. Adrienne Cupples, Daniele Cusi, John Danesh, Ulf de Faire, Hester M. den Ruijter, Anna F. Dominiczak, Raimund Erbel, Jeanette Erdmann, Johan G. Eriksson, Martin Farrall, Stephan B. Felix, Ele Ferrannini, Jean Ferrières, Ian Ford, Nita G. Forouhi, Terrence Forrester, Oscar H. Franco, Ron T. Gansevoort, Pablo V. Gejman, Christian Gieger, Omri Gottesman, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ulf Gyllensten, Alistair S. Hall, Tamara B. Harris, Andrew T. Hattersley, Andrew A. Hicks, Lucia A. Hindorff, Aroon D. Hingorani, Albert Hofman, Georg Homuth, G. Kees Hovingh, Steve E. Humphries, Steven C. Hunt, Elina Hyppönen, Thomas Illig, Kevin B. Jacobs, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Berit Johansen, Pekka Jousilahti, J. Wouter Jukema, Antti M. Jula, Jaakko Kaprio, John J. P. Kastelein, Sirkka M. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Paul Knekt, Jaspal S. Kooner, Charles Kooperberg, Peter Kovacs, Aldi T. Kraja, Meena Kumari, Johanna Kuusisto, Timo A. Lakka, Claudia Langenberg, Loic Le Marchand, Terho Lehtimäki, Valeriya Lyssenko, Satu Männistö, André Marette, Tara C. Matise, Colin A. McKenzie, Barbara McKnight, Frans L. Moll, Andrew D. Morris, Andrew P. Morris, Jeffrey C. Murray, Mari Nelis, Claes Ohlsson, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Ken K. Ong, Pamela A. F. Madden, Gerard Pasterkamp, John F. Peden, Annette Peters, Dirkje S. Postma, Peter P. Pramstaller, Jackie F. Price, Lu Qi, Olli T. Raitakari, Tuomo Rankinen, D. C. Rao, Treva K. Rice, Paul M. Ridker, John D. Rioux, Marylyn D. Ritchie, Igor Rudan, Veikko Salomaa, Nilesh J. Samani, Jouko Saramies, Mark A. Sarzynski, Heribert Schunkert, Peter E. H. Schwarz, Peter Sever, Alan R. Shuldiner, Juha Sinisalo, Ronald P. Stolk, Konstantin Strauch, Anke Tönjes, David-Alexandre Trégouët, Angelo Tremblay, Elena Tremoli, Jarmo Virtamo, Marie-Claude Vohl, Uwe Völker, Gérard Waeber, Gonneke Willemsen, Jacqueline C. Witteman, M. Carola Zillikens, Linda S. Adair, Philippe Amouyel, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Themistocles L. Assimes, Murielle Bochud, Bernhard O. Boehm, Eric Boerwinkle, Stefan R. Bornstein, Erwin P. Bottinger, Claude Bouchard, Stéphane Cauchi, John C. Chambers, Stephen J. Chanock, Richard S. Cooper, Paul I. W. de Bakker, George Dedoussis, Luigi Ferrucci, Paul W. Franks, Philippe Froguel, Leif C. Groop, Christopher A. Haiman, Anders Hamsten, Jennie Hui, David J. Hunter, Kristian Hveem, Robert C. Kaplan, Mika Kivimaki, Diana Kuh, Markku Laakso, Yongmei Liu, Nicholas G. Martin, Winfried März, Mads Melbye, Andres Metspalu, Susanne Moebus, Patricia B. Munroe, Inger Njølstad, Ben A. Oostra, Colin N. A. Palmer, Nancy L. Pedersen, Markus Perola, Louis Pérusse, Ulrike Peters, Chris Power, Thomas Quertermous, Rainer Rauramaa, Fernando Rivadeneira, Timo E. Saaristo, Danish Saleheen, Naveed Sattar, Eric E. Schadt, David Schlessinger, P. Eline Slagboom, Harold Snieder, Tim D. Spector, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Michael Stumvoll, Jaakko Tuomilehto, André G. Uitterlinden, Matti Uusitupa, Pim van der Harst, Mark Walker, Henri Wallaschofski, Nicholas J. Wareham, Hugh Watkins, David R. Weir, H-Erich Wichmann, James F. Wilson, Pieter Zanen, Ingrid B. Borecki, Panos Deloukas, Caroline S. Fox, Iris M. Heid, Jeffrey R. O’Connell, David P. Strachan, Kari Stefansson, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Lude Franke, Timothy M. Frayling, Mark I. McCarthy, Peter M. Visscher, André Scherag, Cristen J. Willer, Michael Boehnke, Karen L. Mohlke, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Jacques S. Beckmann, Inês Barroso, Kari E. North, Erik Ingelsson, Joel N. Hirschhorn (), Ruth J. F. Loos () and Elizabeth K. Speliotes ()
Additional contact information
Adam E. Locke: Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan
Bratati Kahali: University of Michigan
Sonja I. Berndt: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
Anne E. Justice: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
Tune H. Pers: Boston Children’s Hospital
Felix R. Day: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Corey Powell: University of Michigan
Sailaja Vedantam: Boston Children’s Hospital
Martin L. Buchkovich: University of North Carolina
Jian Yang: Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
Damien C. Croteau-Chonka: University of North Carolina
Tonu Esko: Boston Children’s Hospital
Tove Fall: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
Teresa Ferreira: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
Stefan Gustafsson: Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
Zoltán Kutalik: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne 1010, Switzerland.
Jian’an Luan: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Reedik Mägi: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
Joshua C. Randall: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
Thomas W. Winkler: Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
Andrew R. Wood: Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
Tsegaselassie Workalemahu: Harvard School of Public Health
Jessica D. Faul: Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
Jennifer A. Smith: University of Michigan
Jing Hua Zhao: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Wei Zhao: University of Michigan
Jin Chen: University of Michigan
Rudolf Fehrmann: University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Åsa K. Hedman: Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
Juha Karjalainen: University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Ellen M. Schmidt: University of Michigan
Devin Absher: HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology
Najaf Amin: Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Denise Anderson: Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia
Marian Beekman: Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
Jennifer L. Bolton: Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham: Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan
Steven Buyske: Rutgers University
Ayse Demirkan: Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Guohong Deng: Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.
Georg B. Ehret: Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Bjarke Feenstra: Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark.
Mary F. Feitosa: Washington University School of Medicine
Krista Fischer: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
Anuj Goel: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
Jian Gong: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Anne U. Jackson: Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan
Stavroula Kanoni: William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Marcus E. Kleber: Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68187 Mannheim, Germany.
Kati Kristiansson: National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
Unhee Lim: Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center
Vaneet Lotay: The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Massimo Mangino: King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
Irene Mateo Leach: University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Carolina Medina-Gomez: Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Sarah E. Medland: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.
Michael A. Nalls: Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health
Cameron D. Palmer: Boston Children’s Hospital
Dorota Pasko: Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
Sonali Pechlivanis: Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
Marjolein J. Peters: Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Inga Prokopenko: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
Dmitry Shungin: Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Skåne University Hosptial, Malmö 205 02, Sweden.
Alena Stančáková: University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland.
Rona J. Strawbridge: Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.
Yun Ju Sung: Washington University School of Medicine
Toshiko Tanaka: Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging
Alexander Teumer: Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.
Stella Trompet: Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
Sander W. van der Laan: Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Jessica van Setten: University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Jana V. Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk: University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Zhaoming Wang: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
Loïc Yengo: CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France.
Weihua Zhang: Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.
Aaron Isaacs: Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Eva Albrecht: Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Johan Ärnlöv: Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
Gillian M. Arscott: PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia
Antony P. Attwood: University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK.
Stefania Bandinelli: Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), 50125 Florence, Italy.
Amy Barrett: Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
Isabelita N. Bas: USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines.
Claire Bellis: Texas Biomedical Research Institute
Amanda J. Bennett: Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
Christian Berne: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
Roza Blagieva: Diabetes and Metabolism, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
Matthias Blüher: Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Stefan Böhringer: Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
Lori L. Bonnycastle: Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Yvonne Böttcher: Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Heather A. Boyd: Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark.
Marcel Bruinenberg: LifeLines Cohort Study, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Ida H. Caspersen: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Yii- Der Ida Chen: University of California Los Angeles
Robert Clarke: Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
E. Warwick Daw: Washington University School of Medicine
Anton J. M. de Craen: Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
Graciela Delgado: Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68187 Mannheim, Germany.
Maria Dimitriou: Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
Alex S. F. Doney: Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
Niina Eklund: National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
Karol Estrada: Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
Elodie Eury: CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France.
Lasse Folkersen: Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.
Ross M. Fraser: Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
Melissa E. Garcia: Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH
Frank Geller: Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark.
Vilmantas Giedraitis: Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
Bruna Gigante: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
Alan S. Go: Kaiser Permanente
Alain Golay: Service of Therapeutic Education for Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland.
Alison H. Goodall: University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.
Scott D. Gordon: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.
Mathias Gorski: Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
Hans-Jörgen Grabe: University Medicine Greifswald, HELIOS-Hospital Stralsund, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.
Harald Grallert: Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Tanja B. Grammer: Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68187 Mannheim, Germany.
Jürgen Gräßler: University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
Henrik Grönberg: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
Christopher J. Groves: Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
Gaëlle Gusto: Institut inter Régional pour la Santé, Synergies, F-37520 La Riche, France.
Jeffrey Haessler: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Per Hall: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
Toomas Haller: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
Goran Hallmans: Unit of Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden.
Catharina A. Hartman: University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Maija Hassinen: Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, 70100 Kuopio, Finland.
Caroline Hayward: MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
Nancy L. Heard-Costa: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study
Quinta Helmer: Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
Christian Hengstenberg: Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, D-80636 Munich, Germany.
Oddgeir Holmen: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7489, Norway.
Jouke-Jan Hottenga: Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Alan L. James: Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine
Janina M. Jeff: The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Åsa Johansson: Uppsala University, Genetics, Pathology, SciLifeLab, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
Jennifer Jolley: University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK.
Thorhildur Juliusdottir: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
Leena Kinnunen: National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
Wolfgang Koenig: Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
Markku Koskenvuo: University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Wolfgang Kratzer: Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
Jaana Laitinen: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-90100 Oulu, Finland.
Claudia Lamina: Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Karin Leander: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
Nanette R. Lee: USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines.
Peter Lichtner: Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Lars Lind: Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
Jaana Lindström: National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
Ken Sin Lo: Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada.
Stéphane Lobbens: CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France.
Roberto Lorbeer: Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.
Yingchang Lu: The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
François Mach: Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
Patrik K. E. Magnusson: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
Anubha Mahajan: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
Wendy L. McArdle: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
Stela McLachlan: Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
Cristina Menni: King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
Sigrun Merger: Diabetes and Metabolism, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
Evelin Mihailov: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
Lili Milani: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
Alireza Moayyeri: King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
Keri L. Monda: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
Mario A. Morken: Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Antonella Mulas: Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Sardinia 09042, Italy.
Gabriele Müller: Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
Martina Müller-Nurasyid: Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Arthur W. Musk: Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital
Ramaiah Nagaraja: Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging
Markus M. Nöthen: Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
Ilja M. Nolte: University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Stefan Pilz: Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Nigel W. Rayner: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
Frida Renstrom: Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Skåne University Hosptial, Malmö 205 02, Sweden.
Rainer Rettig: Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17495 Karlsburg, Germany.
Janina S. Ried: Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Stephan Ripke: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
Neil R. Robertson: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
Lynda M. Rose: Brigham and Women's Hospital
Serena Sanna: Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Sardinia 09042, Italy.
Hubert Scharnagl: Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
Salome Scholtens: LifeLines Cohort Study, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Fredrick R. Schumacher: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
William R. Scott: Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.
Thomas Seufferlein: Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
Jianxin Shi: National Cancer Institute
Albert Vernon Smith: Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur 201, Iceland.
Joanna Smolonska: University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Alice V. Stanton: Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir: deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.
Kathleen Stirrups: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
Heather M. Stringham: Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan
Johan Sundström: Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
Morris A. Swertz: University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Amy J. Swift: Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Ann-Christine Syvänen: Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
Sian-Tsung Tan: Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.
Bamidele O. Tayo: Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago
Barbara Thorand: German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Gudmar Thorleifsson: deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.
Jonathan P. Tyrer: University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Hae-Won Uh: Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
Liesbeth Vandenput: Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden.
Frank C. Verhulst: Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Sita H. Vermeulen: Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Niek Verweij: University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Judith M. Vonk: University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Lindsay L. Waite: HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology
Helen R. Warren: William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Dawn Waterworth: Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline
Michael N. Weedon: Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
Lynne R. Wilkens: Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center
Christina Willenborg: German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg/Lubeck/Kiel, 23562 Lubeck, Germany.
Tom Wilsgaard: Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Mary K. Wojczynski: Washington University School of Medicine
Andrew Wong: MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London WC1B 5JU, UK.
Alan F. Wright: MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
Qunyuan Zhang: Washington University School of Medicine
Eoin P. Brennan: Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Murim Choi: Seoul National University College of Medicine
Zari Dastani: Lady Davis Institute, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3T1E2, Canada.
Alexander W. Drong: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
Per Eriksson: Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.
Anders Franco-Cereceda: Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.
Jesper R. Gådin: Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.
Ali G. Gharavi: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
Michael E. Goddard: Victoria 3083, Australia.
Robert E. Handsaker: Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
Jinyan Huang: Harvard School of Public Health
Fredrik Karpe: Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
Sekar Kathiresan: Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
Sarah Keildson: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
Krzysztof Kiryluk: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
Michiaki Kubo: Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
Jong-Young Lee: Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Chungbuk 363–951, Republic of Korea.
Liming Liang: Harvard School of Public Health
Richard P. Lifton: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
Baoshan Ma: Harvard School of Public Health
Steven A. McCarroll: Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
Amy J. McKnight: Nephrology Research, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, County Down BT9 7AB, UK.
Josine L. Min: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
Miriam F. Moffatt: National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK.
Grant W. Montgomery: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.
Joanne M. Murabito: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study
George Nicholson: University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK.
Dale R. Nyholt: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.
Yukinori Okada: Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
John R. B. Perry: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
Rajkumar Dorajoo: Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138672 Singapore.
Eva Reinmaa: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
Rany M. Salem: Boston Children’s Hospital
Niina Sandholm: Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki FI-00076, Finland.
Robert A. Scott: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Lisette Stolk: Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
Atsushi Takahashi: Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
Toshihiro Tanaka: Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 113-8510 Tokyo, Japan.
Ferdinand M. van’t Hooft: Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.
Anna A. E. Vinkhuyzen: Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
Harm-Jan Westra: University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Wei Zheng: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center
Krina T. Zondervan: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
Andrew C. Heath: Washington University School of Medicine
Dominique Arveiler: EA3430, University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine
Stephan J. L. Bakker: University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
John Beilby: PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia
Richard N. Bergman: Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute
John Blangero: Texas Biomedical Research Institute
Pascal Bovet: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Harry Campbell: Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
Mark J. Caulfield: William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Giancarlo Cesana: University of Milano, Bicocca, 20126, Italy.
Aravinda Chakravarti: Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Daniel I. Chasman: Brigham and Women's Hospital
Peter S. Chines: Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Francis S. Collins: Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Dana C. Crawford: Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
L. Adrienne Cupples: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study
Daniele Cusi: University of Milano, I 20142, Italy.
John Danesh: University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.
Ulf de Faire: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
Hester M. den Ruijter: Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Anna F. Dominiczak: Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
Raimund Erbel: Clinic of Cardiology, West-German Heart Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
Jeanette Erdmann: German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg/Lubeck/Kiel, 23562 Lubeck, Germany.
Johan G. Eriksson: National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
Martin Farrall: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
Stephan B. Felix: University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.
Ele Ferrannini: University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
Jean Ferrières: Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France.
Ian Ford: Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
Nita G. Forouhi: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Terrence Forrester: UWI Solutions for Developing Countries, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
Oscar H. Franco: Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Ron T. Gansevoort: University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Pablo V. Gejman: NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, University of Chicago
Christian Gieger: Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Omri Gottesman: The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Vilmundur Gudnason: Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur 201, Iceland.
Ulf Gyllensten: Uppsala University, Genetics, Pathology, SciLifeLab, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
Alistair S. Hall: Leeds MRC Medical Bioinformatics Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK.
Tamara B. Harris: Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH
Andrew T. Hattersley: Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
Andrew A. Hicks: Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen, Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano 39100, Italy (affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany).
Lucia A. Hindorff: National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health
Aroon D. Hingorani: Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Albert Hofman: Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Georg Homuth: Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.
G. Kees Hovingh: Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Steve E. Humphries: Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK.
Steven C. Hunt: University of Utah
Elina Hyppönen: Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia
Thomas Illig: Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Kevin B. Jacobs: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin: Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
Karl-Heinz Jöckel: Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
Berit Johansen: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Pekka Jousilahti: National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
J. Wouter Jukema: Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
Antti M. Jula: National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
Jaakko Kaprio: National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
John J. P. Kastelein: Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sirkka M. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi: Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
Lambertus A. Kiemeney: Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Paul Knekt: National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
Jaspal S. Kooner: Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.
Charles Kooperberg: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Peter Kovacs: Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Aldi T. Kraja: Washington University School of Medicine
Meena Kumari: University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Johanna Kuusisto: Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland.
Timo A. Lakka: Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, 70100 Kuopio, Finland.
Claudia Langenberg: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Loic Le Marchand: Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center
Terho Lehtimäki: Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine University of Tampere, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.
Valeriya Lyssenko: Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte DK-2820, Denmark.
Satu Männistö: National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
André Marette: Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
Tara C. Matise: Rutgers University, Piscataway
Colin A. McKenzie: UWI Solutions for Developing Countries, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
Barbara McKnight: University of Washington
Frans L. Moll: University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Andrew D. Morris: Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
Andrew P. Morris: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
Jeffrey C. Murray: University of Iowa
Mari Nelis: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
Claes Ohlsson: Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden.
Albertine J. Oldehinkel: University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Ken K. Ong: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Pamela A. F. Madden: Washington University School of Medicine
Gerard Pasterkamp: Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
John F. Peden: Illumina, Inc, Little Chesterford, Cambridge CB10 1XL, UK.
Annette Peters: Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Dirkje S. Postma: University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
Peter P. Pramstaller: Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen, Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano 39100, Italy (affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany).
Jackie F. Price: Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
Lu Qi: Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
Olli T. Raitakari: Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland.
Tuomo Rankinen: Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center
D. C. Rao: Washington University School of Medicine
Treva K. Rice: Washington University School of Medicine
Paul M. Ridker: Brigham and Women's Hospital
John D. Rioux: Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada.
Marylyn D. Ritchie: Center for Systems Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
Igor Rudan: Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
Veikko Salomaa: National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
Nilesh J. Samani: University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.
Jouko Saramies: South Carelia Central Hospital, 53130 Lappeenranta, Finland.
Mark A. Sarzynski: Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Heribert Schunkert: Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, D-80636 Munich, Germany.
Peter E. H. Schwarz: University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
Peter Sever: International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
Alan R. Shuldiner: Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine
Juha Sinisalo: Helsinki University Central Hospital Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland.
Ronald P. Stolk: University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Konstantin Strauch: Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Anke Tönjes: Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
David-Alexandre Trégouët: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1166, F-75013 Paris, France.
Angelo Tremblay: Laval University, Quebec QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
Elena Tremoli: Università di Milano & Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan 20133, Italy.
Jarmo Virtamo: National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
Marie-Claude Vohl: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
Uwe Völker: Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.
Gérard Waeber: University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
Gonneke Willemsen: Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jacqueline C. Witteman: Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
M. Carola Zillikens: Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Linda S. Adair: University of North Carolina
Philippe Amouyel: Institut Pasteur de Lille; INSERM, U744; Université de Lille 2; F-59000 Lille, France.
Folkert W. Asselbergs: Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Themistocles L. Assimes: Stanford University School of Medicine
Murielle Bochud: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Bernhard O. Boehm: Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Imperial College London and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553 Singapore, Singapore.
Eric Boerwinkle: Health Science Center at Houston, University of Texas
Stefan R. Bornstein: University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
Erwin P. Bottinger: The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Claude Bouchard: Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Stéphane Cauchi: CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France.
John C. Chambers: Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.
Stephen J. Chanock: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
Richard S. Cooper: Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago
Paul I. W. de Bakker: University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
George Dedoussis: Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
Luigi Ferrucci: Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging
Paul W. Franks: Harvard School of Public Health
Philippe Froguel: School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.
Leif C. Groop: Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Christopher A. Haiman: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
Anders Hamsten: Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.
Jennie Hui: PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia
David J. Hunter: Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
Kristian Hveem: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7489, Norway.
Robert C. Kaplan: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Belfer 1306, New York 10461, USA.
Mika Kivimaki: University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Diana Kuh: MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London WC1B 5JU, UK.
Markku Laakso: Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland.
Yongmei Liu: Center for Human Genetics, Wake Forest School of Medicine
Nicholas G. Martin: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.
Winfried März: Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68187 Mannheim, Germany.
Mads Melbye: Stanford University School of Medicine
Andres Metspalu: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
Susanne Moebus: Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
Patricia B. Munroe: William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Inger Njølstad: Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Ben A. Oostra: Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Colin N. A. Palmer: Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
Nancy L. Pedersen: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
Markus Perola: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
Louis Pérusse: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
Ulrike Peters: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Chris Power: Population, Policy, and Practice, University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
Thomas Quertermous: Stanford University School of Medicine
Rainer Rauramaa: Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, 70100 Kuopio, Finland.
Fernando Rivadeneira: Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Timo E. Saaristo: Finnish Diabetes Association, Kirjoniementie 15, FI-33680 Tampere, Finland.
Danish Saleheen: University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.
Naveed Sattar: BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
Eric E. Schadt: Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
David Schlessinger: Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging
P. Eline Slagboom: Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
Harold Snieder: University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Tim D. Spector: King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
Unnur Thorsteinsdottir: deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.
Michael Stumvoll: Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Jaakko Tuomilehto: National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
André G. Uitterlinden: Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Matti Uusitupa: University of Eastern Finland
Pim van der Harst: University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Mark Walker: Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK.
Henri Wallaschofski: DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung – German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.
Nicholas J. Wareham: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Hugh Watkins: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
David R. Weir: Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
H-Erich Wichmann: Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-85764 Munich, Germany.
James F. Wilson: Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
Pieter Zanen: University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Ingrid B. Borecki: Washington University School of Medicine
Panos Deloukas: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
Caroline S. Fox: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study
Iris M. Heid: Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
Jeffrey R. O’Connell: Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine
David P. Strachan: St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
Kari Stefansson: deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.
Cornelia M. van Duijn: Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Gonçalo R. Abecasis: Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan
Lude Franke: University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Timothy M. Frayling: Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
Mark I. McCarthy: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
Peter M. Visscher: Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
André Scherag: Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
Cristen J. Willer: University of Michigan
Michael Boehnke: Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan
Karen L. Mohlke: University of North Carolina
Cecilia M. Lindgren: Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
Jacques S. Beckmann: Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
Inês Barroso: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
Kari E. North: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
Erik Ingelsson: Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
Joel N. Hirschhorn: Boston Children’s Hospital
Ruth J. F. Loos: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Elizabeth K. Speliotes: University of Michigan

Nature, 2015, vol. 518, issue 7538, 197-206

Abstract: Abstract Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P 20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/nature14177

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