Temporal and spatial analysis of the 2014–2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa

Miles W. Carroll (), David A. Matthews, Julian A. Hiscox, Michael J. Elmore, Georgios Pollakis, Andrew Rambaut, Roger Hewson, Isabel García-Dorival, Joseph Akoi Bore, Raymond Koundouno, Saïd Abdellati, Babak Afrough, John Aiyepada, Patience Akhilomen, Danny Asogun, Barry Atkinson, Marlis Badusche, Amadou Bah, Simon Bate, Jan Baumann, Dirk Becker, Beate Becker-Ziaja, Anne Bocquin, Benny Borremans, Andrew Bosworth, Jan Peter Boettcher, Angela Cannas, Fabrizio Carletti, Concetta Castilletti, Simon Clark, Francesca Colavita, Sandra Diederich, Adomeh Donatus, Sophie Duraffour, Deborah Ehichioya, Heinz Ellerbrok, Maria Dolores Fernandez-Garcia, Alexandra Fizet, Erna Fleischmann, Sophie Gryseels, Antje Hermelink, Julia Hinzmann, Ute Hopf-Guevara, Yemisi Ighodalo, Lisa Jameson, Anne Kelterbaum, Zoltan Kis, Stefan Kloth, Claudia Kohl, Miša Korva, Annette Kraus, Eeva Kuisma, Andreas Kurth, Britta Liedigk, Christopher H. Logue, Anja Lüdtke, Piet Maes, James McCowen, Stéphane Mély, Marc Mertens, Silvia Meschi, Benjamin Meyer, Janine Michel, Peter Molkenthin, César Muñoz-Fontela, Doreen Muth, Edmund N. C. Newman, Didier Ngabo, Lisa Oestereich, Jennifer Okosun, Thomas Olokor, Racheal Omiunu, Emmanuel Omomoh, Elisa Pallasch, Bernadett Pályi, Jasmine Portmann, Thomas Pottage, Catherine Pratt, Simone Priesnitz, Serena Quartu, Julie Rappe, Johanna Repits, Martin Richter, Martin Rudolf, Andreas Sachse, Kristina Maria Schmidt, Gordian Schudt, Thomas Strecker, Ruth Thom, Stephen Thomas, Ekaete Tobin, Howard Tolley, Jochen Trautner, Tine Vermoesen, Inês Vitoriano, Matthias Wagner, Svenja Wolff, Constanze Yue, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Birte Kretschmer, Yper Hall, John G. Kenny, Natasha Y. Rickett, Gytis Dudas, Cordelia E. M. Coltart, Romy Kerber, Damien Steer, Callum Wright, Francis Senyah, Sakoba Keita, Patrick Drury, Boubacar Diallo, Hilde de Clerck, Michel Van Herp, Armand Sprecher, Alexis Traore, Mandiou Diakite, Mandy Kader Konde, Lamine Koivogui, N’Faly Magassouba, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Andreas Nitsche, Marc Strasser, Giuseppe Ippolito, Stephan Becker, Kilian Stoecker, Martin Gabriel, Hervé Raoul, Antonino Di Caro, Roman Wölfel, Pierre Formenty and Stephan Günther
Additional contact information
Miles W. Carroll: Public Health England
David A. Matthews: School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol
Julian A. Hiscox: Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool
Michael J. Elmore: Public Health England
Georgios Pollakis: Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool
Andrew Rambaut: Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh
Roger Hewson: Public Health England
Isabel García-Dorival: Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool
Joseph Akoi Bore: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Raymond Koundouno: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Saïd Abdellati: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Babak Afrough: Public Health England
John Aiyepada: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Patience Akhilomen: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Danny Asogun: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Barry Atkinson: Public Health England
Marlis Badusche: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Amadou Bah: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Simon Bate: Public Health England
Jan Baumann: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Dirk Becker: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Beate Becker-Ziaja: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Anne Bocquin: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Benny Borremans: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Andrew Bosworth: Public Health England
Jan Peter Boettcher: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Angela Cannas: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Fabrizio Carletti: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Concetta Castilletti: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Simon Clark: Public Health England
Francesca Colavita: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Sandra Diederich: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Adomeh Donatus: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Sophie Duraffour: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Deborah Ehichioya: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Heinz Ellerbrok: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Maria Dolores Fernandez-Garcia: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Alexandra Fizet: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Erna Fleischmann: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Sophie Gryseels: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Antje Hermelink: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Julia Hinzmann: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Ute Hopf-Guevara: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Yemisi Ighodalo: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Lisa Jameson: Public Health England
Anne Kelterbaum: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Zoltan Kis: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Stefan Kloth: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Claudia Kohl: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Miša Korva: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Annette Kraus: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Eeva Kuisma: Public Health England
Andreas Kurth: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Britta Liedigk: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Christopher H. Logue: Public Health England
Anja Lüdtke: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Piet Maes: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
James McCowen: Public Health England
Stéphane Mély: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Marc Mertens: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Silvia Meschi: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Benjamin Meyer: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Janine Michel: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Peter Molkenthin: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
César Muñoz-Fontela: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Doreen Muth: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Edmund N. C. Newman: Public Health England
Didier Ngabo: Public Health England
Lisa Oestereich: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Jennifer Okosun: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Thomas Olokor: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Racheal Omiunu: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Emmanuel Omomoh: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Elisa Pallasch: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Bernadett Pályi: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Jasmine Portmann: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Thomas Pottage: Public Health England
Catherine Pratt: Public Health England
Simone Priesnitz: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Serena Quartu: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Julie Rappe: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Johanna Repits: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Martin Richter: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Martin Rudolf: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Andreas Sachse: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Kristina Maria Schmidt: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Gordian Schudt: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Thomas Strecker: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Ruth Thom: Public Health England
Stephen Thomas: Public Health England
Ekaete Tobin: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Howard Tolley: Public Health England
Jochen Trautner: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Tine Vermoesen: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Inês Vitoriano: Public Health England
Matthias Wagner: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Svenja Wolff: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Constanze Yue: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Maria Rosaria Capobianchi: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Birte Kretschmer: Eurice - European Research and Project Office GmbH
Yper Hall: Public Health England
John G. Kenny: Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool
Natasha Y. Rickett: Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool
Gytis Dudas: Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh
Cordelia E. M. Coltart: University College London
Romy Kerber: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Damien Steer: Research IT, University of Bristol
Callum Wright: Advanced Computing Research Centre, University of Bristol
Francis Senyah: Public Health England
Sakoba Keita: Ministry of Health Guinea
Patrick Drury: World Health Organization
Boubacar Diallo: World Health Organization
Hilde de Clerck: Médecins Sans Frontières
Michel Van Herp: Médecins Sans Frontières
Armand Sprecher: Médecins Sans Frontières
Alexis Traore: Section Prévention et Lutte contre la Maladie à la Direction Préfectorale de la Santé de Guéckédou
Mandiou Diakite: Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, CHU Donka
Mandy Kader Konde: Health and Sustainable Development Foundation
Lamine Koivogui: Institut National de Santé Publique
N’Faly Magassouba: Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Laboratoire des Fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée
Tatjana Avšič-Županc: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Andreas Nitsche: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Marc Strasser: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Giuseppe Ippolito: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Stephan Becker: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Kilian Stoecker: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Martin Gabriel: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Hervé Raoul: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Antonino Di Caro: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Roman Wölfel: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine
Pierre Formenty: World Health Organization
Stephan Günther: The European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine

Nature, 2015, vol. 524, issue 7563, 97-101

Abstract: Analysis of 179 new Ebola virus sequences from patient samples collected in Guinea between March 2014 and January 2015 shows how different lineages evolved and spread in West Africa.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/nature14594

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