The soft palate is an important site of adaptation for transmissible influenza viruses

Seema S. Lakdawala, Akila Jayaraman, Rebecca A. Halpin, Elaine W. Lamirande, Angela R. Shih, Timothy B. Stockwell, Xudong Lin, Ari Simenauer, Christopher T. Hanson, Leatrice Vogel, Myeisha Paskel, Mahnaz Minai, Ian Moore, Marlene Orandle, Suman R. Das, David E. Wentworth, Ram Sasisekharan () and Kanta Subbarao ()
Additional contact information
Seema S. Lakdawala: Laboratory of infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Akila Jayaraman: Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Rebecca A. Halpin: J. Craig Venter Institute
Elaine W. Lamirande: Laboratory of infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Angela R. Shih: Laboratory of infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Timothy B. Stockwell: J. Craig Venter Institute
Xudong Lin: J. Craig Venter Institute
Ari Simenauer: J. Craig Venter Institute
Christopher T. Hanson: Laboratory of infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Leatrice Vogel: Laboratory of infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Myeisha Paskel: Laboratory of infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Mahnaz Minai: Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Ian Moore: Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Marlene Orandle: Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Suman R. Das: J. Craig Venter Institute
David E. Wentworth: J. Craig Venter Institute
Ram Sasisekharan: Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Kanta Subbarao: Laboratory of infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health

Nature, 2015, vol. 526, issue 7571, 122-125

Abstract: Efficient airborne transmission of influenza viruses between humans is associated with use of α2,6-linked sialic acids, not α2,3-linked sialic acids; however, using a loss-of-function approach in which a 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus was engineered to bind α2,3 sialic acids, this study shows in ferrets that the soft palate is an important site for the switch of receptor usage to take place, and reveals that this tissue rapidly selects for transmissible influenza virus with human receptor preference.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/nature15379

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