A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 1017–1017.5 electronvolts from radio observations

Buitink, S.; Corstanje, A.; Falcke, H.; Hörandel, J. R.; Huege, T.; Nelles, A.; Rachen, J. P.; Rossetto, L.; Schellart, P.; Scholten, O.; Veen, S. ter; Thoudam, S.; Trinh, T. N. G.; Anderson, J.; Asgekar, A.; Avruch, I. M.; Bell, M. E.; Bentum, M. J.; Bernardi, G.; Best, P.; Bonafede, A.; Breitling, F.; Broderick, J. W.; Brouw, W. N.; Brüggen, M.; Butcher, H. R.; Carbone, D.; Ciardi, B.; Conway, J. E.; de Gasperin, F.; de Geus, E.; Deller, A.; Dettmar, R.-J.; van Diepen, G.; Duscha, S.; Eislöffel, J.; Engels, D.; Enriquez, J. E.; Fallows, R. A.; Fender, R.; Ferrari, C.; Frieswijk, W.; Garrett, M. A.; Grießmeier, J. M.; Gunst, A. W.; van Haarlem, M. P.; Hassall, T. E.; Heald, G.; Hessels, J. W. T.; Hoeft, M.; Horneffer, A.; Iacobelli, M.; Intema, H.; Juette, E.; Karastergiou, A.; Kondratiev, V. I.; Kramer, M.; Kuniyoshi, M.; Kuper, G.; van Leeuwen, J.; Loose, G. M.; Maat, P.; Mann, G.; Markoff, S.; McFadden, R.; McKay-Bukowski, D.; McKean, J. P.; Mevius, M.; Mulcahy, D. D.; Munk, H.; Norden, M. J.; Orru, E.; Paas, H.; Pandey-Pommier, M.; Pandey, V. N.; Pietka, M.; Pizzo, R.; Polatidis, A. G.; Reich, W.; Röttgering, H. J. A.; Scaife, A. M. M.; Schwarz, D. J.; Serylak, M.; Sluman, J.; Smirnov, O.; Stappers, B. W.; Steinmetz, M.; Stewart, A.; Swinbank, J.; Tagger, M.; Tang, Y.; Tasse, C.; Toribio, M. C.; Vermeulen, R.; Vocks, C.; Vogt, C.; van Weeren, R. J.; Wijers, R. A. M. J.; Wijnholds, S. J.; Wise, M. W.; Wucknitz, O.; Yatawatta, S.; Zarka, P.; Zensus, J. A.

A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 1017–1017.5 electronvolts from radio observations

S. Buitink (), A. Corstanje, H. Falcke, J. R. Hörandel, T. Huege, A. Nelles, J. P. Rachen, L. Rossetto, P. Schellart, O. Scholten, S. ter Veen, S. Thoudam, T. N. G. Trinh, J. Anderson, A. Asgekar, I. M. Avruch, M. E. Bell, M. J. Bentum, G. Bernardi, P. Best, A. Bonafede, F. Breitling, J. W. Broderick, W. N. Brouw, M. Brüggen, H. R. Butcher, D. Carbone, B. Ciardi, J. E. Conway, F. de Gasperin, E. de Geus, A. Deller, R.-J. Dettmar, G. van Diepen, S. Duscha, J. Eislöffel, D. Engels, J. E. Enriquez, R. A. Fallows, R. Fender, C. Ferrari, W. Frieswijk, M. A. Garrett, J. M. Grießmeier, A. W. Gunst, M. P. van Haarlem, T. E. Hassall, G. Heald, J. W. T. Hessels, M. Hoeft, A. Horneffer, M. Iacobelli, H. Intema, E. Juette, A. Karastergiou, V. I. Kondratiev, M. Kramer, M. Kuniyoshi, G. Kuper, J. van Leeuwen, G. M. Loose, P. Maat, G. Mann, S. Markoff, R. McFadden, D. McKay-Bukowski, J. P. McKean, M. Mevius, D. D. Mulcahy, H. Munk, M. J. Norden, E. Orru, H. Paas, M. Pandey-Pommier, V. N. Pandey, M. Pietka, R. Pizzo, A. G. Polatidis, W. Reich, H. J. A. Röttgering, A. M. M. Scaife, D. J. Schwarz, M. Serylak, J. Sluman, O. Smirnov, B. W. Stappers, M. Steinmetz, A. Stewart, J. Swinbank, M. Tagger, Y. Tang, C. Tasse, M. C. Toribio, R. Vermeulen, C. Vocks, C. Vogt, R. J. van Weeren, R. A. M. J. Wijers, S. J. Wijnholds, M. W. Wise, O. Wucknitz, S. Yatawatta, P. Zarka and J. A. Zensus
Additional contact information
S. Buitink: Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
A. Corstanje: Radboud University Nijmegen
H. Falcke: Radboud University Nijmegen
J. R. Hörandel: Radboud University Nijmegen
T. Huege: Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
A. Nelles: Radboud University Nijmegen
J. P. Rachen: Radboud University Nijmegen
L. Rossetto: Radboud University Nijmegen
P. Schellart: Radboud University Nijmegen
O. Scholten: KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen
S. ter Veen: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
S. Thoudam: Radboud University Nijmegen
T. N. G. Trinh: KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen
J. Anderson: Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Geodesy and Remote Sensing
A. Asgekar: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
I. M. Avruch: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research
M. E. Bell: CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility
M. J. Bentum: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
G. Bernardi: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
P. Best: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory of Edinburgh
A. Bonafede: University of Hamburg
F. Breitling: Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP)
J. W. Broderick: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton
W. N. Brouw: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
M. Brüggen: University of Hamburg
H. R. Butcher: Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University
D. Carbone: Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam
B. Ciardi: Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics
J. E. Conway: Onsala Space Observatory, Chalmers University of Technology
F. de Gasperin: University of Hamburg
E. de Geus: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
A. Deller: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
R.-J. Dettmar: Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
G. van Diepen: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
S. Duscha: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
J. Eislöffel: Thüringer Landessternwarte
D. Engels: Hamburger Sternwarte
J. E. Enriquez: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
R. A. Fallows: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
R. Fender: University of Oxford
C. Ferrari: Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Boulevard de l’Observatoire
W. Frieswijk: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
M. A. Garrett: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
J. M. Grießmeier: LPC2E - Universite d’Orleans/CNRS
A. W. Gunst: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
M. P. van Haarlem: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
T. E. Hassall: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton
G. Heald: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
J. W. T. Hessels: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
M. Hoeft: Thüringer Landessternwarte
A. Horneffer: Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie
M. Iacobelli: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
H. Intema: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University
E. Juette: Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
A. Karastergiou: University of Oxford
V. I. Kondratiev: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
M. Kramer: Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie
M. Kuniyoshi: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
G. Kuper: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
J. van Leeuwen: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
G. M. Loose: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
P. Maat: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
G. Mann: Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP)
S. Markoff: Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam
R. McFadden: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
D. McKay-Bukowski: Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu
J. P. McKean: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
M. Mevius: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
D. D. Mulcahy: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton
H. Munk: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
M. J. Norden: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
E. Orru: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
H. Paas: Center for Information Technology (CIT), University of Groningen
M. Pandey-Pommier: Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, Observatoire de Lyon
V. N. Pandey: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
M. Pietka: University of Oxford
R. Pizzo: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
A. G. Polatidis: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
W. Reich: Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie
H. J. A. Röttgering: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University
A. M. M. Scaife: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton
D. J. Schwarz: Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld
M. Serylak: University of Oxford
J. Sluman: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
O. Smirnov: Square Kilometre Array (SKA) South Africa
B. W. Stappers: Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester
M. Steinmetz: Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP)
A. Stewart: University of Oxford
J. Swinbank: Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam
M. Tagger: LPC2E - Universite d’Orleans/CNRS
Y. Tang: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
C. Tasse: Rhodes University
M. C. Toribio: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
R. Vermeulen: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
C. Vocks: Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP)
C. Vogt: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
R. J. van Weeren: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
R. A. M. J. Wijers: Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam
S. J. Wijnholds: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
M. W. Wise: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
O. Wucknitz: Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie
S. Yatawatta: ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
P. Zarka: LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris Diderot
J. A. Zensus: Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie

Nature, 2016, vol. 531, issue 7592, 70-73

Abstract: High-resolution radio measurements of air showers—cascades of secondary particles in the atmosphere initiated by cosmic rays—reveal that cosmic rays with energies of 1017–1017.5 electronvolts have a mixed composition, with light elements (protons and helium nuclei) making up 80 per cent of their mass.

Date: 2016
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16976 Abstract (text/html)
Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nat:nature:v:531:y:2016:i:7592:d:10.1038_nature16976

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
https://www.nature.com/

DOI: 10.1038/nature16976

Access Statistics for this article

Nature is currently edited by Magdalena Skipper

More articles in Nature from Nature
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Sonal Shukla () and Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing ().