The genetic history of Ice Age Europe

Qiaomei Fu, Cosimo Posth, Mateja Hajdinjak, Martin Petr, Swapan Mallick, Daniel Fernandes, Anja Furtwängler, Wolfgang Haak, Matthias Meyer, Alissa Mittnik, Birgit Nickel, Alexander Peltzer, Nadin Rohland, Viviane Slon, Sahra Talamo, Iosif Lazaridis, Mark Lipson, Iain Mathieson, Stephan Schiffels, Pontus Skoglund, Anatoly P. Derevianko, Nikolai Drozdov, Vyacheslav Slavinsky, Alexander Tsybankov, Renata Grifoni Cremonesi, Francesco Mallegni, Bernard Gély, Eligio Vacca, Manuel R. González Morales, Lawrence G. Straus, Christine Neugebauer-Maresch, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Silviu Constantin, Oana Teodora Moldovan, Stefano Benazzi, Marco Peresani, Donato Coppola, Martina Lari, Stefano Ricci, Annamaria Ronchitelli, Frédérique Valentin, Corinne Thevenet, Kurt Wehrberger, Dan Grigorescu, Hélène Rougier, Isabelle Crevecoeur, Damien Flas, Patrick Semal, Marcello A. Mannino, Christophe Cupillard, Hervé Bocherens, Nicholas J. Conard, Katerina Harvati, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Dorothée G. Drucker, Jiří Svoboda, Michael P. Richards, David Caramelli, Ron Pinhasi, Janet Kelso, Nick Patterson, Johannes Krause, Svante Pääbo and David Reich ()
Additional contact information
Qiaomei Fu: Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS
Cosimo Posth: Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen
Mateja Hajdinjak: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary
Martin Petr: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary
Swapan Mallick: Harvard Medical School
Daniel Fernandes: School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin
Anja Furtwängler: Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen
Wolfgang Haak: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Matthias Meyer: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary
Alissa Mittnik: Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen
Birgit Nickel: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary
Alexander Peltzer: Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen
Nadin Rohland: Harvard Medical School
Viviane Slon: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary
Sahra Talamo: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary
Iosif Lazaridis: Harvard Medical School
Mark Lipson: Harvard Medical School
Iain Mathieson: Harvard Medical School
Stephan Schiffels: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Pontus Skoglund: Harvard Medical School
Anatoly P. Derevianko: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences
Nikolai Drozdov: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences
Vyacheslav Slavinsky: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences
Alexander Tsybankov: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences
Renata Grifoni Cremonesi: Università di Pisa
Francesco Mallegni: University of Pisa
Bernard Gély: Direction régionale des affaires culturelles Rhône-Alpes
Eligio Vacca: Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’
Manuel R. González Morales: Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas, Universidad de Cantabria
Lawrence G. Straus: Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas, Universidad de Cantabria
Christine Neugebauer-Maresch: Quaternary Archaeology, Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology, Austrian Academy of Sciences
Maria Teschler-Nicola: Natural History Museum Vienna
Silviu Constantin: “Emil Racoviţă” Institute of Speleology
Oana Teodora Moldovan: “Emil Racoviţă” Institute of Speleology, Cluj Branch
Stefano Benazzi: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary
Marco Peresani: Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Università di Ferrara
Donato Coppola: Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’
Martina Lari: Università di Firenze
Stefano Ricci: della Terra e dell’Ambiente, U.R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena
Annamaria Ronchitelli: della Terra e dell’Ambiente, U.R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena
Frédérique Valentin: CNRS/UMR
Corinne Thevenet: INRAP/UMR
Kurt Wehrberger: Ulmer Museum
Dan Grigorescu: University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics
Hélène Rougier: California State University Northridge
Isabelle Crevecoeur: Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5199-PACEA
Damien Flas: TRACES – UMR 5608, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Maison de la Recherche
Patrick Semal: Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences
Marcello A. Mannino: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary
Christophe Cupillard: Service Régional d’Archéologie de Franche-Comté
Hervé Bocherens: Biogeology, University of Tübingen
Nicholas J. Conard: Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen
Katerina Harvati: Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen
Vyacheslav Moiseyev: Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography
Dorothée G. Drucker: Biogeology, University of Tübingen
Jiří Svoboda: Faculty of Science, Masaryk University
Michael P. Richards: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary
David Caramelli: Università di Firenze
Ron Pinhasi: School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin
Janet Kelso: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary
Nick Patterson: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge
Johannes Krause: Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen
Svante Pääbo: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary
David Reich: Harvard Medical School

Nature, 2016, vol. 534, issue 7606, 200-205

Abstract: Abstract Modern humans arrived in Europe ~45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic composition before the start of farming ~8,500 years ago. Here we analyse genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from ~45,000–7,000 years ago. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3–6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas there is no evidence of the earliest modern humans in Europe contributing to the genetic composition of present-day Europeans, all individuals between ~37,000 and ~14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. An ~35,000-year-old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe at the height of the last Ice Age ~19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after ~14,000 years ago, a genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners became widespread in Europe. These results document how population turnover and migration have been recurring themes of European prehistory.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/nature17993

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