Transplanted embryonic neurons integrate into adult neocortical circuits

Susanne Falkner, Sofia Grade, Leda Dimou, Karl-Klaus Conzelmann, Tobias Bonhoeffer, Magdalena Götz () and Mark Hübener ()
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Susanne Falkner: Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology
Sofia Grade: Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich
Leda Dimou: Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich
Karl-Klaus Conzelmann: Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich
Tobias Bonhoeffer: Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology
Magdalena Götz: Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich
Mark Hübener: Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology

Nature, 2016, vol. 539, issue 7628, 248-253

Abstract: Abstract The ability of the adult mammalian brain to compensate for neuronal loss caused by injury or disease is very limited. Transplantation aims to replace lost neurons, but the extent to which new neurons can integrate into existing circuits is unknown. Here, using chronic in vivo two-photon imaging, we show that embryonic neurons transplanted into the visual cortex of adult mice mature into bona fide pyramidal cells with selective pruning of basal dendrites, achieving adult-like densities of dendritic spines and axonal boutons within 4–8 weeks. Monosynaptic tracing experiments reveal that grafted neurons receive area-specific, afferent inputs matching those of pyramidal neurons in the normal visual cortex, including topographically organized geniculo-cortical connections. Furthermore, stimulus-selective responses refine over the course of many weeks and finally become indistinguishable from those of host neurons. Thus, grafted neurons can integrate with great specificity into neocortical circuits that normally never incorporate new neurons in the adult brain.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/nature20113

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