Persistent microbiome alterations modulate the rate of post-dieting weight regain

Christoph A. Thaiss, Shlomik Itav, Daphna Rothschild, Mariska T. Meijer, Maayan Levy, Claudia Moresi, Lenka Dohnalová, Sofia Braverman, Shachar Rozin, Sergey Malitsky, Mally Dori-Bachash, Yael Kuperman, Inbal Biton, Arieh Gertler, Alon Harmelin, Hagit Shapiro, Zamir Halpern, Asaph Aharoni, Eran Segal () and Eran Elinav ()
Additional contact information
Christoph A. Thaiss: Weizmann Institute of Science
Shlomik Itav: Weizmann Institute of Science
Daphna Rothschild: Weizmann Institute of Science
Mariska T. Meijer: Weizmann Institute of Science
Maayan Levy: Weizmann Institute of Science
Claudia Moresi: Weizmann Institute of Science
Lenka Dohnalová: Weizmann Institute of Science
Sofia Braverman: Weizmann Institute of Science
Shachar Rozin: Weizmann Institute of Science
Sergey Malitsky: Weizmann Institute of Science
Mally Dori-Bachash: Weizmann Institute of Science
Yael Kuperman: Weizmann Institute of Science
Inbal Biton: Weizmann Institute of Science
Arieh Gertler: The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University
Alon Harmelin: Weizmann Institute of Science
Hagit Shapiro: Weizmann Institute of Science
Zamir Halpern: Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University
Asaph Aharoni: Weizmann Institute of Science
Eran Segal: Weizmann Institute of Science
Eran Elinav: Weizmann Institute of Science

Nature, 2016, vol. 540, issue 7634, 544-551

Abstract: Abstract In tackling the obesity pandemic, considerable efforts are devoted to the development of effective weight reduction strategies, yet many dieting individuals fail to maintain a long-term weight reduction, and instead undergo excessive weight regain cycles. The mechanisms driving recurrent post-dieting obesity remain largely elusive. Here we identify an intestinal microbiome signature that persists after successful dieting of obese mice and contributes to faster weight regain and metabolic aberrations upon re-exposure to obesity-promoting conditions. Faecal transfer experiments show that the accelerated weight regain phenotype can be transmitted to germ-free mice. We develop a machine-learning algorithm that enables personalized microbiome-based prediction of the extent of post-dieting weight regain. Additionally, we find that the microbiome contributes to diminished post-dieting flavonoid levels and reduced energy expenditure, and demonstrate that flavonoid-based ‘post-biotic’ intervention ameliorates excessive secondary weight gain. Together, our data highlight a possible microbiome contribution to accelerated post-dieting weight regain, and suggest that microbiome-targeting approaches may help to diagnose and treat this common disorder.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/nature20796

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