The genome of Chenopodium quinoa

David E. Jarvis, Yung Shwen Ho, Damien J. Lightfoot, Sandra M. Schmöckel, Bo Li, Theo J. A. Borm, Hajime Ohyanagi, Katsuhiko Mineta, Craig T. Michell, Noha Saber, Najeh M. Kharbatia, Ryan R. Rupper, Aaron R. Sharp, Nadine Dally, Berin A. Boughton, Yong H. Woo, Ge Gao, Elio G. W. M. Schijlen, Xiujie Guo, Afaque A. Momin, Sónia Negrão, Salim Al-Babili, Christoph Gehring, Ute Roessner, Christian Jung, Kevin Murphy, Stefan T. Arold, Takashi Gojobori, C. Gerard van der Linden, Eibertus N. van Loo, Eric N. Jellen, Peter J. Maughan and Mark Tester ()
Additional contact information
David E. Jarvis: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Yung Shwen Ho: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Damien J. Lightfoot: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Sandra M. Schmöckel: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Bo Li: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Theo J. A. Borm: Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen UR Plant Breeding
Hajime Ohyanagi: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC)
Katsuhiko Mineta: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer
Craig T. Michell: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)
Noha Saber: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Najeh M. Kharbatia: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Analytical Core Lab
Ryan R. Rupper: Brigham Young University, College of Life Sciences
Aaron R. Sharp: Brigham Young University, College of Life Sciences
Nadine Dally: Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel
Berin A. Boughton: Metabolomics Australia, The School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne
Yong H. Woo: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Ge Gao: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Elio G. W. M. Schijlen: PRI Bioscience, Plant Research International
Xiujie Guo: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Afaque A. Momin: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC)
Sónia Negrão: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Salim Al-Babili: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Christoph Gehring: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Ute Roessner: Metabolomics Australia, The School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne
Christian Jung: Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel
Stefan T. Arold: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC)
Takashi Gojobori: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC)
C. Gerard van der Linden: Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen UR Plant Breeding
Eibertus N. van Loo: Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen UR Plant Breeding
Eric N. Jellen: Brigham Young University, College of Life Sciences
Peter J. Maughan: Brigham Young University, College of Life Sciences
Mark Tester: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

Nature, 2017, vol. 542, issue 7641, 307-312

Abstract: Abstract Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) is a highly nutritious grain identified as an important crop to improve world food security. Unfortunately, few resources are available to facilitate its genetic improvement. Here we report the assembly of a high-quality, chromosome-scale reference genome sequence for quinoa, which was produced using single-molecule real-time sequencing in combination with optical, chromosome-contact and genetic maps. We also report the sequencing of two diploids from the ancestral gene pools of quinoa, which enables the identification of sub-genomes in quinoa, and reduced-coverage genome sequences for 22 other samples of the allotetraploid goosefoot complex. The genome sequence facilitated the identification of the transcription factor likely to control the production of anti-nutritional triterpenoid saponins found in quinoa seeds, including a mutation that appears to cause alternative splicing and a premature stop codon in sweet quinoa strains. These genomic resources are an important first step towards the genetic improvement of quinoa.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/nature21370

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