Ancient herders enriched and restructured African grasslands

Fiona Marshall (), Rachel E. B. Reid, Steven Goldstein, Michael Storozum, Andrew Wreschnig, Lorraine Hu, Purity Kiura, Ruth Shahack-Gross and Stanley H. Ambrose ()
Additional contact information
Fiona Marshall: Washington University in St Louis
Rachel E. B. Reid: Washington University in St Louis
Steven Goldstein: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Michael Storozum: Earth Observatory of Singapore, N2-01a-15, Nanyang Technological University
Andrew Wreschnig: AECOM
Lorraine Hu: Washington University in St Louis
Purity Kiura: Sites and Monuments, National Museums of Kenya
Ruth Shahack-Gross: Leon Recanati Institute of Maritime Studies, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa
Stanley H. Ambrose: University of Illinois

Nature, 2018, vol. 561, issue 7723, 387-390

Abstract: Abstract Grasslands are one of the world’s most extensive terrestrial biomes and are central to the survival of herders, their livestock and diverse communities of large wild mammals1–3. In Africa, tropical soils are predominantly nutrient-limited4–6 but productive grassy patches in wooded grassland savannah ecosystems2,4 grow on fertile soils created by geologic and edaphic factors, megafauna, fire and termites4–6. Mobile pastoralists also create soil-fertility hotspots by penning their herds at night, which concentrates excrement—and thus nutrients—from grazing of the surrounding savannahs7–11. Historical anthropogenic hotspots produce high-quality forage, attract wildlife and increase spatial heterogeneity in African savannahs4,12–15. Archaeological research suggests this effect extends back at least 1,000 years16–19 but little is known about nutrient persistence at millennial scales. Here we use chemical, isotopic and sedimentary analyses to show high nutrient and 15N enrichment in on-site degraded dung deposits relative to off-site soils at five Pastoral Neolithic20 sites (radiocarbon dated to between 3,700 and 1,550 calibrated years before present (cal. bp)). This study demonstrates the longevity of nutrient hotspots and the long-term legacy of ancient herders, whose settlements enriched and diversified African savannah landscapes over three millennia.

Keywords: Pastoral Neolithic; Grassy Patches; Increase Spatial Heterogeneity; 6NT UK; Maasai (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0456-9

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