Dna2 nuclease deficiency results in large and complex DNA insertions at chromosomal breaks

Yang Yu, Nhung Pham, Bo Xia, Alma Papusha, Guangyu Wang, Zhenxin Yan, Guang Peng, Kaifu Chen () and Grzegorz Ira ()
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Yang Yu: Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
Nhung Pham: Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
Bo Xia: Houston Methodist Research Institute
Alma Papusha: Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
Guangyu Wang: Houston Methodist Research Institute
Zhenxin Yan: Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
Guang Peng: University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Kaifu Chen: Houston Methodist Research Institute
Grzegorz Ira: Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics

Nature, 2018, vol. 564, issue 7735, 287-290

Abstract: Abstract Insertions of mobile elements1–4, mitochondrial DNA5 and fragments of nuclear chromosomes6 at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) threaten genome integrity and are common in cancer7–9. Insertions of chromosome fragments at V(D)J recombination loci can stimulate antibody diversification10. The origin of insertions of chromosomal fragments and the mechanisms that prevent such insertions remain unknown. Here we reveal a yeast mutant, lacking evolutionarily conserved Dna2 nuclease, that shows frequent insertions of sequences between approximately 0.1 and 1.5 kb in length into DSBs, with many insertions involving multiple joined DNA fragments. Sequencing of around 500 DNA inserts reveals that they originate from Ty retrotransposons (8%), ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (15%) and from throughout the genome, with preference for fragile regions such as origins of replication, R-loops, centromeres, telomeres or replication fork barriers. Inserted fragments are not lost from their original loci and therefore represent duplications. These duplications depend on nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) and Pol4. We propose a model in which alternative processing of DNA structures arising in Dna2-deficient cells can result in the release of DNA fragments and their capture at DSBs. Similar DNA insertions at DSBs are expected to occur in any cells with linear extrachromosomal DNA fragments.

Keywords: Nuclease DNA; DNA Double-strand Breaks (DSB); Nonhomologous End Joining (NHEJ); Replication Fork Barrier; Yeast Extract Peptone Dextrose (YEPD) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0769-8

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