Colouration by total internal reflection and interference at microscale concave interfaces

Amy E. Goodling, Sara Nagelberg, Bryan Kaehr, Caleb H. Meredith, Seong Ik Cheon, Ashley P. Saunders, Mathias Kolle and Lauren D. Zarzar ()
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Amy E. Goodling: The Pennsylvania State University
Sara Nagelberg: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Bryan Kaehr: Sandia National Laboratories
Caleb H. Meredith: The Pennsylvania State University
Seong Ik Cheon: The Pennsylvania State University
Ashley P. Saunders: The Pennsylvania State University
Mathias Kolle: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Lauren D. Zarzar: The Pennsylvania State University

Nature, 2019, vol. 566, issue 7745, 523-527

Abstract: Abstract Many physical phenomena create colour: spectrally selective light absorption by pigments and dyes1,2, material-specific optical dispersion3 and light interference4–11 in micrometre-scale and nanometre-scale periodic structures12–17. In addition, scattering, diffraction and interference mechanisms are inherent to spherical droplets18, which contribute to atmospheric phenomena such as glories, coronas and rainbows19. Here we describe a previously unrecognized mechanism for creating iridescent structural colour with large angular spectral separation. Light travelling along different trajectories of total internal reflection at a concave optical interface can interfere to generate brilliant patterns of colour. The effect is generated at interfaces with dimensions that are orders of magnitude larger than the wavelength of visible light and is readily observed in systems as simple as water drops condensed on a transparent substrate. We also exploit this phenomenon in complex systems, including multiphase droplets, three-dimensional patterned polymer surfaces and solid microparticles, to create patterns of iridescent colour that are consistent with theoretical predictions. Such controllable structural colouration is straightforward to generate at microscale interfaces, so we expect that the design principles and predictive theory outlined here will be of interest both for fundamental exploration in optics and for application in functional colloidal inks and paints, displays and sensors.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0946-4

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