Effective breast cancer combination therapy targeting BACH1 and mitochondrial metabolism

Jiyoung Lee, Ali E. Yesilkanal, Joseph P. Wynne, Casey Frankenberger, Juan Liu, Jielin Yan, Mohamad Elbaz, Daniel C. Rabe, Felicia D. Rustandy, Payal Tiwari, Elizabeth A. Grossman, Peter C. Hart, Christie Kang, Sydney M. Sanderson, Jorge Andrade, Daniel K. Nomura, Marcelo G. Bonini, Jason W. Locasale and Marsha Rich Rosner ()
Additional contact information
Jiyoung Lee: University of Chicago
Ali E. Yesilkanal: University of Chicago
Joseph P. Wynne: University of Chicago
Casey Frankenberger: University of Chicago
Juan Liu: Duke University
Jielin Yan: University of Chicago
Mohamad Elbaz: University of Chicago
Daniel C. Rabe: University of Chicago
Felicia D. Rustandy: University of Chicago
Payal Tiwari: University of Chicago
Elizabeth A. Grossman: University of California at Berkeley
Peter C. Hart: University of Illinois at Chicago
Christie Kang: University of Illinois at Chicago
Sydney M. Sanderson: Duke University
Jorge Andrade: University of Chicago
Daniel K. Nomura: University of California at Berkeley
Marcelo G. Bonini: University of Illinois at Chicago
Jason W. Locasale: Duke University
Marsha Rich Rosner: University of Chicago

Nature, 2019, vol. 568, issue 7751, 254-258

Abstract: Abstract Mitochondrial metabolism is an attractive target for cancer therapy1,2. Reprogramming metabolic pathways could improve the ability of metabolic inhibitors to suppress cancers with limited treatment options, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)1,3. Here we show that BTB and CNC homology1 (BACH1)4, a haem-binding transcription factor that is increased in expression in tumours from patients with TNBC, targets mitochondrial metabolism. BACH1 decreases glucose utilization in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and negatively regulates transcription of electron transport chain (ETC) genes. BACH1 depletion by shRNA or degradation by hemin sensitizes cells to ETC inhibitors such as metformin5,6, suppressing growth of both cell line and patient-derived tumour xenografts. Expression of a haem-resistant BACH1 mutant in cells that express a short hairpin RNA for BACH1 rescues the BACH1 phenotype and restores metformin resistance in hemin-treated cells and tumours7. Finally, BACH1 gene expression inversely correlates with ETC gene expression in tumours from patients with breast cancer and in other tumour types, which highlights the clinical relevance of our findings. This study demonstrates that mitochondrial metabolism can be exploited by targeting BACH1 to sensitize breast cancer and potentially other tumour tissues to mitochondrial inhibitors.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1005-x

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