Mapping the world’s free-flowing rivers

G. Grill (), B. Lehner (), M. Thieme, B. Geenen, D. Tickner, F. Antonelli, S. Babu, P. Borrelli, L. Cheng, H. Crochetiere, H. Ehalt Macedo, R. Filgueiras, M. Goichot, J. Higgins, Z. Hogan, B. Lip, M. E. McClain, J. Meng, M. Mulligan, C. Nilsson, J. D. Olden, J. J. Opperman, P. Petry, C. Reidy Liermann, L. Sáenz, S. Salinas-Rodríguez, P. Schelle, R. J. P. Schmitt, J. Snider, F. Tan, K. Tockner, P. H. Valdujo, A. Soesbergen and C. Zarfl
Additional contact information
G. Grill: McGill University
B. Lehner: McGill University
M. Thieme: WWF-US
B. Geenen: WWF-NL
D. Tickner: WWF-UK
F. Antonelli: WWF-Mediterranean
S. Babu: WWF-India
P. Borrelli: University of Basel
L. Cheng: WWF-China
H. Crochetiere: WWF-Canada
H. Ehalt Macedo: McGill University
R. Filgueiras: WWF-Zambia
M. Goichot: WWF Greater Mekong Programme
J. Higgins: The Nature Conservancy (TNC)
Z. Hogan: University of Nevada
B. Lip: WWF-Malaysia
M. E. McClain: IHE Delft
J. Meng: WWF-Germany
M. Mulligan: King’s College London
C. Nilsson: Umeå University
J. D. Olden: University of Washington
J. J. Opperman: WWF-US
P. Petry: The Nature Conservancy
C. Reidy Liermann: University of Wisconsin-Madison
L. Sáenz: Conservation International (CI)
S. Salinas-Rodríguez: WWF-Mexico
P. Schelle: WWF International
R. J. P. Schmitt: Stanford University
J. Snider: WWF-Canada
F. Tan: McGill University
K. Tockner: Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)
P. H. Valdujo: WWF-Brazil
A. Soesbergen: King’s College London
C. Zarfl: Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen

Nature, 2019, vol. 569, issue 7755, 215-221

Abstract: Abstract Free-flowing rivers (FFRs) support diverse, complex and dynamic ecosystems globally, providing important societal and economic services. Infrastructure development threatens the ecosystem processes, biodiversity and services that these rivers support. Here we assess the connectivity status of 12 million kilometres of rivers globally and identify those that remain free-flowing in their entire length. Only 37 per cent of rivers longer than 1,000 kilometres remain free-flowing over their entire length and 23 per cent flow uninterrupted to the ocean. Very long FFRs are largely restricted to remote regions of the Arctic and of the Amazon and Congo basins. In densely populated areas only few very long rivers remain free-flowing, such as the Irrawaddy and Salween. Dams and reservoirs and their up- and downstream propagation of fragmentation and flow regulation are the leading contributors to the loss of river connectivity. By applying a new method to quantify riverine connectivity and map FFRs, we provide a foundation for concerted global and national strategies to maintain or restore them.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1111-9

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