Neurocranial development of the coelacanth and the evolution of the sarcopterygian head

Hugo Dutel (), Manon Galland, Paul Tafforeau, John A. Long, Michael J. Fagan, Philippe Janvier, Anthony Herrel, Mathieu D. Santin, Gaël Clément and Marc Herbin
Additional contact information
Hugo Dutel: University of Hull
Manon Galland: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle
Paul Tafforeau: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
John A. Long: Flinders University
Michael J. Fagan: University of Hull
Philippe Janvier: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle
Anthony Herrel: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle
Mathieu D. Santin: Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Centre for NeuroImaging Research, ICM (Brain & Spine Institute), Sorbonne University
Gaël Clément: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle
Marc Herbin: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle

Nature, 2019, vol. 569, issue 7757, 556-559

Abstract: Abstract The neurocranium of sarcopterygian fishes was originally divided into an anterior (ethmosphenoid) and posterior (otoccipital) portion by an intracranial joint, and underwent major changes in its overall geometry before fusing into a single unit in lungfishes and early tetrapods1. Although the pattern of these changes is well-documented, the developmental mechanisms that underpin variation in the form of the neurocranium and its associated soft tissues during the evolution of sarcopterygian fishes remain poorly understood. The coelacanth Latimeria is the only known living vertebrate that retains an intracranial joint2,3. Despite its importance for understanding neurocranial evolution, the development of the neurocranium of this ovoviviparous fish remains unknown. Here we investigate the ontogeny of the neurocranium and brain in Latimeria chalumnae using conventional and synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography as well as magnetic resonance imaging, performed on an extensive growth series for this species. We describe the neurocranium at the earliest developmental stage known for Latimeria, as well as the major changes that the neurocranium undergoes during ontogeny. Changes in the neurocranium are associated with an extreme reduction in the relative size of the brain along with an enlargement of the notochord. The development of the notochord appears to have a major effect on the surrounding cranial components, and might underpin the formation of the intracranial joint. Our results shed light on the interplay between the neurocranium and its adjacent soft tissues during development in Latimeria, and provide insights into the developmental mechanisms that are likely to have underpinned the evolution of neurocranial diversity in sarcopterygian fishes.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1117-3

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