Cavity quantum electrodynamics with atom-like mirrors

Mohammad Mirhosseini, Eunjong Kim, Xueyue Zhang, Alp Sipahigil, Paul B. Dieterle, Andrew J. Keller, Ana Asenjo-Garcia, Darrick E. Chang and Oskar Painter ()
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Mohammad Mirhosseini: California Institute of Technology
Eunjong Kim: California Institute of Technology
Xueyue Zhang: California Institute of Technology
Alp Sipahigil: California Institute of Technology
Paul B. Dieterle: California Institute of Technology
Andrew J. Keller: California Institute of Technology
Ana Asenjo-Garcia: California Institute of Technology
Darrick E. Chang: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Oskar Painter: California Institute of Technology

Nature, 2019, vol. 569, issue 7758, 692-697

Abstract: Abstract It has long been recognized that atomic emission of radiation is not an immutable property of an atom, but is instead dependent on the electromagnetic environment1 and, in the case of ensembles, also on the collective interactions between the atoms2–6. In an open radiative environment, the hallmark of collective interactions is enhanced spontaneous emission—super-radiance2—with non-dissipative dynamics largely obscured by rapid atomic decay7. Here we observe the dynamical exchange of excitations between a single artificial atom and an entangled collective state of an atomic array9 through the precise positioning of artificial atoms realized as superconducting qubits8 along a one-dimensional waveguide. This collective state is dark, trapping radiation and creating a cavity-like system with artificial atoms acting as resonant mirrors in the otherwise open waveguide. The emergent atom–cavity system is shown to have a large interaction-to-dissipation ratio (cooperativity exceeding 100), reaching the regime of strong coupling, in which coherent interactions dominate dissipative and decoherence effects. Achieving strong coupling with interacting qubits in an open waveguide provides a means of synthesizing multi-photon dark states with high efficiency and paves the way for exploiting correlated dissipation and decoherence-free subspaces of quantum emitter arrays at the many-body level10–13.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1196-1

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