Planar perovskite solar cells with long-term stability using ionic liquid additives

Sai Bai (), Peimei Da, Cheng Li, Zhiping Wang, Zhongcheng Yuan, Fan Fu, Maciej Kawecki, Xianjie Liu, Nobuya Sakai, Jacob Tse-Wei Wang, Sven Huettner, Stephan Buecheler, Mats Fahlman, Feng Gao () and Henry J. Snaith ()
Additional contact information
Sai Bai: University of Oxford
Peimei Da: University of Oxford
Cheng Li: University of Bayreuth
Zhiping Wang: University of Oxford
Zhongcheng Yuan: Linköping University
Fan Fu: Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
Maciej Kawecki: Laboratory for Nanoscale Materials Science
Xianjie Liu: Linköping University
Nobuya Sakai: University of Oxford
Jacob Tse-Wei Wang: CSIRO Energy
Sven Huettner: University of Bayreuth
Stephan Buecheler: Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
Mats Fahlman: Linköping University
Feng Gao: University of Oxford
Henry J. Snaith: University of Oxford

Nature, 2019, vol. 571, issue 7764, 245-250

Abstract: Abstract Solar cells based on metal halide perovskites are one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies1–4. Over the past few years, the long-term operational stability of such devices has been greatly improved by tuning the composition of the perovskites5–9, optimizing the interfaces within the device structures10–13, and using new encapsulation techniques14,15. However, further improvements are required in order to deliver a longer-lasting technology. Ion migration in the perovskite active layer—especially under illumination and heat—is arguably the most difficult aspect to mitigate16–18. Here we incorporate ionic liquids into the perovskite film and thence into positive–intrinsic–negative photovoltaic devices, increasing the device efficiency and markedly improving the long-term device stability. Specifically, we observe a degradation in performance of only around five per cent for the most stable encapsulated device under continuous simulated full-spectrum sunlight for more than 1,800 hours at 70 to 75 degrees Celsius, and estimate that the time required for the device to drop to eighty per cent of its peak performance is about 5,200 hours. Our demonstration of long-term operational, stable solar cells under intense conditions is a key step towards a reliable perovskite photovoltaic technology.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1357-2

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