Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries

Nuno Queiroz, Nicolas E. Humphries, Ana Couto, Marisa Vedor, Ivo Costa, Ana M. M. Sequeira, Gonzalo Mucientes, António M. Santos, Francisco J. Abascal, Debra L. Abercrombie, Katya Abrantes, David Acuña-Marrero, André S. Afonso, Pedro Afonso, Darrell Anders, Gonzalo Araujo, Randall Arauz, Pascal Bach, Adam Barnett, Diego Bernal, Michael L. Berumen, Sandra Bessudo Lion, Natalia P. A. Bezerra, Antonin V. Blaison, Barbara A. Block, Mark E. Bond, Ramón Bonfil, Russell W. Bradford, Camrin D. Braun, Edward J. Brooks, Annabelle Brooks, Judith Brown, Barry D. Bruce, Michael E. Byrne, Steven E. Campana, Aaron B. Carlisle, Demian D. Chapman, Taylor K. Chapple, John Chisholm, Christopher R. Clarke, Eric G. Clua, Jesse E. M. Cochran, Estelle C. Crochelet, Laurent Dagorn, Ryan Daly, Daniel Devia Cortés, Thomas K. Doyle, Michael Drew, Clinton A. J. Duffy, Thor Erikson, Eduardo Espinoza, Luciana C. Ferreira, Francesco Ferretti, John D. Filmalter, G. Chris Fischer, Richard Fitzpatrick, Jorge Fontes, Fabien Forget, Mark Fowler, Malcolm P. Francis, Austin J. Gallagher, Enrico Gennari, Simon D. Goldsworthy, Matthew J. Gollock, Jonathan R. Green, Johan A. Gustafson, Tristan L. Guttridge, Hector M. Guzman, Neil Hammerschlag, Luke Harman, Fábio H. V. Hazin, Matthew Heard, Alex R. Hearn, John C. Holdsworth, Bonnie J. Holmes, Lucy A. Howey, Mauricio Hoyos, Robert E. Hueter, Nigel E. Hussey, Charlie Huveneers, Dylan T. Irion, David M. P. Jacoby, Oliver J. D. Jewell, Ryan Johnson, Lance K. B. Jordan, Salvador J. Jorgensen, Warren Joyce, Clare A. Keating Daly, James T. Ketchum, A. Peter Klimley, Alison A. Kock, Pieter Koen, Felipe Ladino, Fernanda O. Lana, James S. E. Lea, Fiona Llewellyn, Warrick S. Lyon, Anna MacDonnell, Bruno C. L. Macena, Heather Marshall, Jaime D. McAllister, Rory McAuley, Michael A. Meÿer, John J. Morris, Emily R. Nelson, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Toby A. Patterson, Cesar Peñaherrera-Palma, Julian G. Pepperell, Simon J. Pierce, Francois Poisson, Lina Maria Quintero, Andrew J. Richardson, Paul J. Rogers, Christoph A. Rohner, David R. L. Rowat, Melita Samoilys, Jayson M. Semmens, Marcus Sheaves, George Shillinger, Mahmood Shivji, Sarika Singh, Gregory B. Skomal, Malcolm J. Smale, Laurenne B. Snyders, German Soler, Marc Soria, Kilian M. Stehfest, John D. Stevens, Simon R. Thorrold, Mariana T. Tolotti, Alison Towner, Paulo Travassos, John P. Tyminski, Frederic Vandeperre, Jeremy J. Vaudo, Yuuki Y. Watanabe, Sam B. Weber, Bradley M. Wetherbee, Timothy D. White, Sean Williams, Patricia M. Zárate, Robert Harcourt, Graeme C. Hays, Mark G. Meekan, Michele Thums, Xabier Irigoien, Victor M. Eguiluz, Carlos M. Duarte, Lara L. Sousa, Samantha J. Simpson, Emily J. Southall and David W. Sims ()
Additional contact information
Nuno Queiroz: Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto
Nicolas E. Humphries: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
Ana Couto: Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto
Marisa Vedor: Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto
Ivo Costa: Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto
Ana M. M. Sequeira: University of Western Australia
Gonzalo Mucientes: Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto
António M. Santos: Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto
Francisco J. Abascal: Spanish Institute of Oceanography
Debra L. Abercrombie: Abercrombie and Fish, Port Jefferson Station
Katya Abrantes: James Cook University
David Acuña-Marrero: Massey University
André S. Afonso: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura
Pedro Afonso: MARE, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa
Darrell Anders: Oceans and Coasts Research
Gonzalo Araujo: Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines
Randall Arauz: Fins Attached Marine Research and Conservation
Pascal Bach: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MARBEC (IRD, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, CNRS)
Adam Barnett: James Cook University
Diego Bernal: University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
Michael L. Berumen: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Sandra Bessudo Lion: MigraMar
Natalia P. A. Bezerra: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura
Antonin V. Blaison: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MARBEC (IRD, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, CNRS)
Barbara A. Block: Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University
Mark E. Bond: Florida International University
Ramón Bonfil: Océanos Vivientes
Russell W. Bradford: CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere
Camrin D. Braun: Massachusetts Institute of Technology–Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering
Edward J. Brooks: Cape Eleuthera Institute
Annabelle Brooks: Cape Eleuthera Institute
Judith Brown: South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute
Barry D. Bruce: CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere
Michael E. Byrne: Nova Southeastern University
Steven E. Campana: University of Iceland
Aaron B. Carlisle: University of Delaware
Demian D. Chapman: Florida International University
Taylor K. Chapple: Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University
John Chisholm: Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries
Christopher R. Clarke: Marine Research Facility
Eric G. Clua: PSL, Labex CORAIL, CRIOBE USR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD
Jesse E. M. Cochran: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Estelle C. Crochelet: Agence de Recherche pour la Biodiversité à la Réunion (ARBRE), Saint-Denis, Réunion
Laurent Dagorn: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MARBEC (IRD, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, CNRS)
Ryan Daly: Save Our Seas Foundation–D’Arros Research Centre (SOSF-DRC)
Daniel Devia Cortés: Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP)
Thomas K. Doyle: University College Cork
Michael Drew: Flinders University
Clinton A. J. Duffy: Department of Conservation
Thor Erikson: Geological Sciences, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)
Eduardo Espinoza: MigraMar
Luciana C. Ferreira: Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (UWA)
Francesco Ferretti: Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University
John D. Filmalter: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MARBEC (IRD, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, CNRS)
G. Chris Fischer: OCEARCH
Richard Fitzpatrick: James Cook University
Jorge Fontes: MARE, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa
Fabien Forget: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MARBEC (IRD, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, CNRS)
Mark Fowler: Bedford Institute of Oceanography
Malcolm P. Francis: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
Austin J. Gallagher: Beneath the Waves
Enrico Gennari: South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)
Simon D. Goldsworthy: SARDI Aquatic Sciences
Matthew J. Gollock: Zoological Society of London
Jonathan R. Green: Galapagos Whale Shark Project
Johan A. Gustafson: Griffith University School of Engineering, Griffith University
Tristan L. Guttridge: Bimini Biological Field Station
Hector M. Guzman: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Neil Hammerschlag: University of Miami
Luke Harman: University College Cork
Fábio H. V. Hazin: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura
Matthew Heard: Flinders University
Alex R. Hearn: MigraMar
John C. Holdsworth: Blue Water Marine Research
Bonnie J. Holmes: University of Queensland
Lucy A. Howey: Microwave Telemetry
Mauricio Hoyos: MigraMar
Robert E. Hueter: Center for Shark Research
Nigel E. Hussey: University of Windsor, Windsor
Charlie Huveneers: Flinders University
Dylan T. Irion: Cape Research and Diver Development
David M. P. Jacoby: Zoological Society of London
Oliver J. D. Jewell: Murdoch University
Ryan Johnson: Blue Wilderness Research Unit
Lance K. B. Jordan: Microwave Telemetry
Salvador J. Jorgensen: Monterey Bay Aquarium
Warren Joyce: Bedford Institute of Oceanography
Clare A. Keating Daly: Save Our Seas Foundation–D’Arros Research Centre (SOSF-DRC)
James T. Ketchum: MigraMar
A. Peter Klimley: MigraMar
Alison A. Kock: South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)
Pieter Koen: Veterinary Services, Western Cape Department of Agriculture
Felipe Ladino: Fundación Malpelo y Otros Ecosistemas Marinos
Fernanda O. Lana: Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF)
James S. E. Lea: Marine Research Facility
Fiona Llewellyn: Zoological Society of London
Warrick S. Lyon: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
Anna MacDonnell: Bedford Institute of Oceanography
Bruno C. L. Macena: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura
Heather Marshall: University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
Jaime D. McAllister: University of Tasmania
Rory McAuley: Government of Western Australia
Michael A. Meÿer: Oceans and Coasts Research
John J. Morris: Center for Shark Research
Emily R. Nelson: University of Miami
Yannis P. Papastamatiou: Florida International University
Toby A. Patterson: CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere
Cesar Peñaherrera-Palma: MigraMar
Julian G. Pepperell: Pepperell Research and Consulting
Simon J. Pierce: Marine Megafauna Foundation
Francois Poisson: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MARBEC (IRD, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, CNRS)
Lina Maria Quintero: Fundación Malpelo y Otros Ecosistemas Marinos
Andrew J. Richardson: Ascension Island Government
Paul J. Rogers: SARDI Aquatic Sciences
Christoph A. Rohner: Marine Megafauna Foundation
David R. L. Rowat: Marine Conservation Society Seychelles
Melita Samoilys: CORDIO
Jayson M. Semmens: University of Tasmania
Marcus Sheaves: James Cook University
George Shillinger: MigraMar
Mahmood Shivji: Nova Southeastern University
Sarika Singh: Oceans and Coasts Research
Gregory B. Skomal: Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries
Malcolm J. Smale: Nelson Mandela University
Laurenne B. Snyders: Oceans and Coasts Research
German Soler: MigraMar
Marc Soria: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MARBEC (IRD, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, CNRS)
Kilian M. Stehfest: University of Tasmania
John D. Stevens: CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere
Simon R. Thorrold: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Mariana T. Tolotti: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MARBEC (IRD, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, CNRS)
Alison Towner: Rhodes University
Paulo Travassos: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura
John P. Tyminski: Center for Shark Research
Frederic Vandeperre: MARE, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa
Jeremy J. Vaudo: Nova Southeastern University
Yuuki Y. Watanabe: National Institute of Polar Research
Sam B. Weber: University of Exeter
Bradley M. Wetherbee: Nova Southeastern University
Timothy D. White: Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University
Sean Williams: Cape Eleuthera Institute
Patricia M. Zárate: MigraMar
Robert Harcourt: Macquarie University
Graeme C. Hays: Deakin University
Mark G. Meekan: Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (UWA)
Michele Thums: Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (UWA)
Xabier Irigoien: AZTI - Marine Research
Victor M. Eguiluz: Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, University of the Balearic Islands
Carlos M. Duarte: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Lara L. Sousa: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
Samantha J. Simpson: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
Emily J. Southall: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
David W. Sims: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

Nature, 2019, vol. 572, issue 7770, 461-466

Abstract: Abstract Effective ocean management and the conservation of highly migratory species depend on resolving the overlap between animal movements and distributions, and fishing effort. However, this information is lacking at a global scale. Here we show, using a big-data approach that combines satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and global fishing fleets, that 24% of the mean monthly space used by sharks falls under the footprint of pelagic longline fisheries. Space-use hotspots of commercially valuable sharks and of internationally protected species had the highest overlap with longlines (up to 76% and 64%, respectively), and were also associated with significant increases in fishing effort. We conclude that pelagic sharks have limited spatial refuge from current levels of fishing effort in marine areas beyond national jurisdictions (the high seas). Our results demonstrate an urgent need for conservation and management measures at high-seas hotspots of shark space use, and highlight the potential of simultaneous satellite surveillance of megafauna and fishers as a tool for near-real-time, dynamic management.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1444-4

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