Inflation of 430-parsec bipolar radio bubbles in the Galactic Centre by an energetic event

Heywood, I.; Camilo, F.; Cotton, W. D.; Yusef-Zadeh, F.; Abbott, T. D.; Adam, R. M.; Aldera, M. A.; Bauermeister, E. F.; Booth, R. S.; Botha, A. G.; Botha, D. H.; Brederode, L. R. S.; Brits, Z. B.; Buchner, S. J.; Burger, J. P.; Chalmers, J. M.; Cheetham, T.; Villiers, D.; Dikgale-Mahlakoana, M. A.; Toit, L. J.; Esterhuyse, S. W. P.; Fanaroff, B. L.; Foley, A. R.; Fourie, D. J.; Gamatham, R. R. G.; Goedhart, S.; Gounden, S.; Hlakola, M. J.; Hoek, C. J.; Hokwana, A.; Horn, D. M.; Horrell, J. M. G.; Hugo, B.; Isaacson, A. R.; Jonas, J. L.; Jordaan, J. D. B. L.; Joubert, A. F.; Józsa, G. I. G.; Julie, R. P. M.; Kapp, F. B.; Kenyon, J. S.; Kotzé, P. P. A.; Kriel, H.; Kusel, T. W.; Lehmensiek, R.; Liebenberg, D.; Loots, A.; Lord, R. T.; Lunsky, B. M.; Macfarlane, P. S.; Magnus, L. G.; Magozore, C. M.; Mahgoub, O.; Main, J. P. L.; Malan, J. A.; Malgas, R. D.; Manley, J. R.; Maree, M. D. J.; Merry, B.; Millenaar, R.; Mnyandu, N.; Moeng, I. P. T.; Monama, T. E.; Mphego, M. C.; New, W. S.; Ngcebetsha, B.; Oozeer, N.; Otto, A. J.; Passmoor, S. S.; Patel, A. A.; Peens-Hough, A.; Perkins, S. J.; Ratcliffe, S. M.; Renil, R.; Rust, A.; Salie, S.; Schwardt, L. C.; Serylak, M.; Siebrits, R.; Sirothia, S. K.; Smirnov, O. M.; Sofeya, L.; Swart, P. S.; Tasse, C.; Taylor, D. T.; Theron, I. P.; Thorat, K.; Tiplady, A. J.; Tshongweni, S.; Balla, T. J.; Byl, A.; Merwe, C.; Dyk, C. L.; Rooyen, R.; Tonder, V.; Wyk, R.; Wallace, B. H.; Welz, M. G.; Williams, L. P.

Inflation of 430-parsec bipolar radio bubbles in the Galactic Centre by an energetic event

I. Heywood (), F. Camilo (), W. D. Cotton, F. Yusef-Zadeh, T. D. Abbott, R. M. Adam, M. A. Aldera, E. F. Bauermeister, R. S. Booth, A. G. Botha, D. H. Botha, L. R. S. Brederode, Z. B. Brits, S. J. Buchner, J. P. Burger, J. M. Chalmers, T. Cheetham, D. Villiers, M. A. Dikgale-Mahlakoana, L. J. Toit, S. W. P. Esterhuyse, B. L. Fanaroff, A. R. Foley, D. J. Fourie, R. R. G. Gamatham, S. Goedhart, S. Gounden, M. J. Hlakola, C. J. Hoek, A. Hokwana, D. M. Horn, J. M. G. Horrell, B. Hugo, A. R. Isaacson, J. L. Jonas, J. D. B. L. Jordaan, A. F. Joubert, G. I. G. Józsa, R. P. M. Julie, F. B. Kapp, J. S. Kenyon, P. P. A. Kotzé, H. Kriel, T. W. Kusel, R. Lehmensiek, D. Liebenberg, A. Loots, R. T. Lord, B. M. Lunsky, P. S. Macfarlane, L. G. Magnus, C. M. Magozore, O. Mahgoub, J. P. L. Main, J. A. Malan, R. D. Malgas, J. R. Manley, M. D. J. Maree, B. Merry, R. Millenaar, N. Mnyandu, I. P. T. Moeng, T. E. Monama, M. C. Mphego, W. S. New, B. Ngcebetsha, N. Oozeer, A. J. Otto, S. S. Passmoor, A. A. Patel, A. Peens-Hough, S. J. Perkins, S. M. Ratcliffe, R. Renil, A. Rust, S. Salie, L. C. Schwardt, M. Serylak, R. Siebrits, S. K. Sirothia, O. M. Smirnov, L. Sofeya, P. S. Swart, C. Tasse, D. T. Taylor, I. P. Theron, K. Thorat, A. J. Tiplady, S. Tshongweni, T. J. Balla, A. Byl, C. Merwe, C. L. Dyk, R. Rooyen, V. Tonder, R. Wyk, B. H. Wallace, M. G. Welz and L. P. Williams
Additional contact information
I. Heywood: University of Oxford
F. Camilo: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
W. D. Cotton: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
F. Yusef-Zadeh: Northwestern University
T. D. Abbott: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
R. M. Adam: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
M. A. Aldera: Tellumat (Pty) Ltd
E. F. Bauermeister: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
R. S. Booth: Chalmers University of Technology
A. G. Botha: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
D. H. Botha: EMSS Antennas (Pty) Ltd
L. R. S. Brederode: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
Z. B. Brits: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
S. J. Buchner: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
J. P. Burger: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
J. M. Chalmers: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
T. Cheetham: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
D. Villiers: Stellenbosch University
M. A. Dikgale-Mahlakoana: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
L. J. Toit: EMSS Antennas (Pty) Ltd
S. W. P. Esterhuyse: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
B. L. Fanaroff: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
A. R. Foley: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
D. J. Fourie: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
R. R. G. Gamatham: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
S. Goedhart: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
S. Gounden: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
M. J. Hlakola: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
C. J. Hoek: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
A. Hokwana: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
D. M. Horn: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
J. M. G. Horrell: IDIA, University of Cape Town
B. Hugo: Rhodes University
A. R. Isaacson: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
J. L. Jonas: Rhodes University
J. D. B. L. Jordaan: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
A. F. Joubert: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
G. I. G. Józsa: Rhodes University
R. P. M. Julie: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
F. B. Kapp: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
J. S. Kenyon: Rhodes University
P. P. A. Kotzé: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
H. Kriel: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
T. W. Kusel: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
R. Lehmensiek: EMSS Antennas (Pty) Ltd
D. Liebenberg: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
A. Loots: Presidential Infrastructure Coordinating Commission
R. T. Lord: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
B. M. Lunsky: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
P. S. Macfarlane: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
L. G. Magnus: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
C. M. Magozore: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
O. Mahgoub: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
J. P. L. Main: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
J. A. Malan: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
R. D. Malgas: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
J. R. Manley: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
M. D. J. Maree: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
B. Merry: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
R. Millenaar: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
N. Mnyandu: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
I. P. T. Moeng: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
T. E. Monama: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
M. C. Mphego: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
W. S. New: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
B. Ngcebetsha: Rhodes University
N. Oozeer: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
A. J. Otto: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
S. S. Passmoor: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
A. A. Patel: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
A. Peens-Hough: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
S. J. Perkins: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
S. M. Ratcliffe: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
R. Renil: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
A. Rust: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
S. Salie: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
L. C. Schwardt: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
M. Serylak: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
R. Siebrits: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
S. K. Sirothia: Rhodes University
O. M. Smirnov: Rhodes University
L. Sofeya: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
P. S. Swart: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
C. Tasse: Rhodes University
D. T. Taylor: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
I. P. Theron: Rhodes University
K. Thorat: Rhodes University
A. J. Tiplady: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
S. Tshongweni: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
T. J. Balla: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
A. Byl: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
C. Merwe: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
C. L. Dyk: Peralex Electronics (Pty) Ltd
R. Rooyen: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
V. Tonder: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
R. Wyk: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
B. H. Wallace: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
M. G. Welz: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory
L. P. Williams: South African Radio Astronomy Observatory

Nature, 2019, vol. 573, issue 7773, 235-237

Abstract: Abstract The Galactic Centre contains a supermassive black hole with a mass of four million Suns1 within an environment that differs markedly from that of the Galactic disk. Although the black hole is essentially quiescent in the broader context of active galactic nuclei, X-ray observations have provided evidence for energetic outbursts from its surroundings2. Also, although the levels of star formation in the Galactic Centre have been approximately constant over the past few hundred million years, there is evidence of increased short-duration bursts3, strongly influenced by the interaction of the black hole with the enhanced gas density present within the ring-like central molecular zone4 at Galactic longitude |l|

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1532-5

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