Genome editing retraces the evolution of toxin resistance in the monarch butterfly

Marianthi Karageorgi, Simon C. Groen, Fidan Sumbul, Julianne N. Pelaez, Kirsten I. Verster, Jessica M. Aguilar, Amy P. Hastings, Susan L. Bernstein, Teruyuki Matsunaga, Michael Astourian, Geno Guerra, Felix Rico, Susanne Dobler, Anurag A. Agrawal and Noah K. Whiteman ()
Additional contact information
Marianthi Karageorgi: University of California, Berkeley
Simon C. Groen: University of California, Berkeley
Fidan Sumbul: LAI, U1067 Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS
Julianne N. Pelaez: University of California, Berkeley
Kirsten I. Verster: University of California, Berkeley
Jessica M. Aguilar: University of California, Berkeley
Amy P. Hastings: Cornell University
Susan L. Bernstein: University of California, Berkeley
Teruyuki Matsunaga: University of California, Berkeley
Michael Astourian: University of California, Berkeley
Geno Guerra: University of California, Berkeley
Felix Rico: LAI, U1067 Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS
Susanne Dobler: Universität Hamburg
Anurag A. Agrawal: Cornell University
Noah K. Whiteman: University of California, Berkeley

Nature, 2019, vol. 574, issue 7778, 409-412

Abstract: Abstract Identifying the genetic mechanisms of adaptation requires the elucidation of links between the evolution of DNA sequence, phenotype, and fitness1. Convergent evolution can be used as a guide to identify candidate mutations that underlie adaptive traits2–4, and new genome editing technology is facilitating functional validation of these mutations in whole organisms1,5. We combined these approaches to study a classic case of convergence in insects from six orders, including the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), that have independently evolved to colonize plants that produce cardiac glycoside toxins6–11. Many of these insects evolved parallel amino acid substitutions in the α-subunit (ATPα) of the sodium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase)7–11, the physiological target of cardiac glycosides12. Here we describe mutational paths involving three repeatedly changing amino acid sites (111, 119 and 122) in ATPα that are associated with cardiac glycoside specialization13,14. We then performed CRISPR–Cas9 base editing on the native Atpα gene in Drosophila melanogaster flies and retraced the mutational path taken across the monarch lineage11,15. We show in vivo, in vitro and in silico that the path conferred resistance and target-site insensitivity to cardiac glycosides16, culminating in triple mutant ‘monarch flies’ that were as insensitive to cardiac glycosides as monarch butterflies. ‘Monarch flies’ retained small amounts of cardiac glycosides through metamorphosis, a trait that has been optimized in monarch butterflies to deter predators17–19. The order in which the substitutions evolved was explained by amelioration of antagonistic pleiotropy through epistasis13,14,20–22. Our study illuminates how the monarch butterfly evolved resistance to a class of plant toxins, eventually becoming unpalatable, and changing the nature of species interactions within ecological communities2,6–11,15,17–19.

Date: 2019
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1610-8 Abstract (text/html)
Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nat:nature:v:574:y:2019:i:7778:d:10.1038_s41586-019-1610-8

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
https://www.nature.com/

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1610-8

Access Statistics for this article

Nature is currently edited by Magdalena Skipper

More articles in Nature from Nature
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Sonal Shukla () and Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing ().