Carrier-resolved photo-Hall effect

Oki Gunawan (), Seong Ryul Pae, Douglas M. Bishop, Yudistira Virgus, Jun Hong Noh, Nam Joong Jeon, Yun Seog Lee, Xiaoyan Shao, Teodor Todorov, David B. Mitzi and Byungha Shin ()
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Oki Gunawan: IBM T. J. Watson Research Center
Seong Ryul Pae: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
Douglas M. Bishop: IBM T. J. Watson Research Center
Yudistira Virgus: IBM T. J. Watson Research Center
Jun Hong Noh: Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
Nam Joong Jeon: Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
Yun Seog Lee: IBM T. J. Watson Research Center
Xiaoyan Shao: IBM T. J. Watson Research Center
Teodor Todorov: IBM T. J. Watson Research Center
David B. Mitzi: Duke University
Byungha Shin: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Nature, 2019, vol. 575, issue 7781, 151-155

Abstract: Abstract The fundamental parameters of majority and minority charge carriers—including their type, density and mobility—govern the performance of semiconductor devices yet can be difficult to measure. Although the Hall measurement technique is currently the standard for extracting the properties of majority carriers, those of minority carriers have typically only been accessible through the application of separate techniques. Here we demonstrate an extension to the classic Hall measurement—a carrier-resolved photo-Hall technique—that enables us to simultaneously obtain the mobility and concentration of both majority and minority carriers, as well as the recombination lifetime, diffusion length and recombination coefficient. This is enabled by advances in a.c.-field Hall measurement using a rotating parallel dipole line system and an equation, ΔμH = d(σ2H)/dσ, which relates the hole–electron Hall mobility difference (ΔμH), the conductivity (σ) and the Hall coefficient (H). We apply this technique to various solar absorbers—including high-performance lead-iodide-based perovskites—and demonstrate simultaneous access to majority and minority carrier parameters and map the results against varying light intensities. This information, which is buried within the photo-Hall measurement1,2, had remained inaccessible since the original discovery of the Hall effect in 18793. The simultaneous measurement of majority and minority carriers should have broad applications, including in photovoltaics and other optoelectronic devices.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1632-2

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