Observation of inverse Compton emission from a long γ-ray burst

Veres, P.; Bhat, P. N.; Briggs, M. S.; Cleveland, W. H.; Hamburg, R.; Hui, C. M.; Mailyan, B.; Preece, R. D.; Roberts, O. J.; Kienlin, A.; Wilson-Hodge, C. A.; Kocevski, D.; Arimoto, M.; Tak, D.; Asano, K.; Axelsson, M.; Barbiellini, G.; Bissaldi, E.; Dirirsa, F. Fana; Gill, R.; Granot, J.; McEnery, J.; Omodei, N.; Razzaque, S.; Piron, F.; Racusin, J. L.; Thompson, D. J.; Campana, S.; Bernardini, M. G.; Kuin, N. P. M.; Siegel, M. H.; Cenko, S. B.; O’Brien, P.; Capalbi, M.; Daì, A.; Pasquale, M.; Gropp, J.; Klingler, N.; Osborne, J. P.; Perri, M.; Starling, R. L. C.; Tagliaferri, G.; Tohuvavohu, A.; Ursi, A.; Tavani, M.; Cardillo, M.; Casentini, C.; Piano, G.; Evangelista, Y.; Verrecchia, F.; Pittori, C.; Lucarelli, F.; Bulgarelli, A.; Parmiggiani, N.; Anderson, G. E.; Anderson, J. P.; Bernardi, G.; Bolmer, J.; Caballero-García, M. D.; Carrasco, I. M.; Castellón, A.; Segura, N. Castro; Castro-Tirado, A. J.; Cherukuri, S. V.; Cockeram, A. M.; D’Avanzo, P.; Dato, A.; Diretse, R.; Fender, R. P.; Fernández-García, E.; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Fruchter, A. S.; Greiner, J.; Gromadzki, M.; Heintz, K. E.; Heywood, I.; Horst, A. J.; Hu, Y.-D.; Inserra, C.; Izzo, L.; Jaiswal, V.; Jakobsson, P.; Japelj, J.; Kankare, E.; Kann, D. A.; Kouveliotou, C.; Klose, S.; Levan, A. J.; Li, X. Y.; Lotti, S.; Maguire, K.; Malesani, D. B.; Manulis, I.; Marongiu, M.; Martin, S.; Melandri, A.; Michałowski, M. J.; Miller-Jones, J. C. A.; Misra, K.; Moin, A.; Mooley, K. P.; Nasri, S.; Nicholl, M.; Noschese, A.; Novara, G.; Pandey, S. B.; Peretti, E.; Pulgar, C. J. Pérez; Pérez-Torres, M. A.; Perley, D. A.; Piro, L.; Ragosta, F.; Resmi, L.; Ricci, R.; Rossi, A.; Sánchez-Ramírez, R.; Selsing, J.; Schulze, S.; Smartt, S. J.; Smith, I. A.; Sokolov, V. V.; Stevens, J.; Tanvir, N. R.; Thöne, C. C.; Tiengo, A.; Tremou, E.; Troja, E.; Postigo, A. Ugarte; Valeev, A. F.; Vergani, S. D.; Wieringa, M.; Woudt, P. A.; Xu, D.; Yaron, O.; Young, D. R.

Observation of inverse Compton emission from a long γ-ray burst

P. Veres, P. N. Bhat, M. S. Briggs, W. H. Cleveland, R. Hamburg, C. M. Hui, B. Mailyan, R. D. Preece, O. J. Roberts, A. Kienlin, C. A. Wilson-Hodge, D. Kocevski, M. Arimoto, D. Tak, K. Asano, M. Axelsson, G. Barbiellini, E. Bissaldi, F. Fana Dirirsa, R. Gill, J. Granot, J. McEnery, N. Omodei, S. Razzaque, F. Piron, J. L. Racusin, D. J. Thompson, S. Campana, M. G. Bernardini, N. P. M. Kuin, M. H. Siegel, S. B. Cenko, P. O’Brien, M. Capalbi, A. Daì, M. Pasquale, J. Gropp, N. Klingler, J. P. Osborne, M. Perri, R. L. C. Starling, G. Tagliaferri, A. Tohuvavohu, A. Ursi, M. Tavani, M. Cardillo, C. Casentini, G. Piano, Y. Evangelista, F. Verrecchia, C. Pittori, F. Lucarelli, A. Bulgarelli, N. Parmiggiani, G. E. Anderson, J. P. Anderson, G. Bernardi, J. Bolmer, M. D. Caballero-García, I. M. Carrasco, A. Castellón, N. Castro Segura, A. J. Castro-Tirado, S. V. Cherukuri, A. M. Cockeram, P. D’Avanzo, A. Dato, R. Diretse, R. P. Fender, E. Fernández-García, J. P. U. Fynbo, A. S. Fruchter, J. Greiner, M. Gromadzki, K. E. Heintz, I. Heywood, A. J. Horst, Y.-D. Hu, C. Inserra, L. Izzo, V. Jaiswal, P. Jakobsson, J. Japelj, E. Kankare, D. A. Kann, C. Kouveliotou, S. Klose, A. J. Levan, X. Y. Li, S. Lotti, K. Maguire, D. B. Malesani, I. Manulis, M. Marongiu, S. Martin, A. Melandri, M. J. Michałowski, J. C. A. Miller-Jones, K. Misra, A. Moin, K. P. Mooley, S. Nasri, M. Nicholl, A. Noschese, G. Novara, S. B. Pandey, E. Peretti, C. J. Pérez Pulgar, M. A. Pérez-Torres, D. A. Perley, L. Piro, F. Ragosta, L. Resmi, R. Ricci, A. Rossi, R. Sánchez-Ramírez, J. Selsing, S. Schulze, S. J. Smartt, I. A. Smith, V. V. Sokolov, J. Stevens, N. R. Tanvir, C. C. Thöne, A. Tiengo, E. Tremou, E. Troja, A. Ugarte Postigo, A. F. Valeev, S. D. Vergani, M. Wieringa, P. A. Woudt, D. Xu, O. Yaron and D. R. Young
Additional contact information
P. Veres: University of Alabama in Huntsville
P. N. Bhat: University of Alabama in Huntsville
M. S. Briggs: University of Alabama in Huntsville
W. H. Cleveland: Universities Space Research Association
R. Hamburg: University of Alabama in Huntsville
C. M. Hui: ST12, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center
B. Mailyan: University of Alabama in Huntsville
R. D. Preece: University of Alabama in Huntsville
O. J. Roberts: Universities Space Research Association
A. Kienlin: Max-Planck Institut für extraterrestrische Physik
C. A. Wilson-Hodge: ST12, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center
D. Kocevski: ST12, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center
M. Arimoto: Kanazawa University
D. Tak: University of Maryland
K. Asano: University of Tokyo
M. Axelsson: Stockholm University
G. Barbiellini: Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
E. Bissaldi: Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari
F. Fana Dirirsa: University of Johannesburg
R. Gill: Open University of Israel
J. Granot: Open University of Israel
J. McEnery: University of Maryland
N. Omodei: W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics Stanford
S. Razzaque: University of Johannesburg
F. Piron: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3
J. L. Racusin: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
D. J. Thompson: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
S. Campana: INAF, Astronomical Observatory of Brera
M. G. Bernardini: INAF, Astronomical Observatory of Brera
N. P. M. Kuin: University College London
M. H. Siegel: Pennsylvania State University
S. B. Cenko: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
P. O’Brien: University of Leicester
M. Capalbi: INAF Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo
A. Daì: INAF Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo
M. Pasquale: Istanbul University
J. Gropp: Pennsylvania State University
N. Klingler: Pennsylvania State University
J. P. Osborne: University of Leicester
M. Perri: INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
R. L. C. Starling: University of Leicester
G. Tagliaferri: INAF, Astronomical Observatory of Brera
A. Tohuvavohu: Pennsylvania State University
A. Ursi: INAF-IAPS
M. Tavani: INAF-IAPS
M. Cardillo: INAF-IAPS
C. Casentini: INAF-IAPS
G. Piano: INAF-IAPS
Y. Evangelista: INAF-IAPS
F. Verrecchia: INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
C. Pittori: INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
F. Lucarelli: INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
A. Bulgarelli: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)
N. Parmiggiani: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)
G. E. Anderson: Curtin University
J. P. Anderson: European Southern Observatory
G. Bernardi: INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia
J. Bolmer: Max-Planck Institut für extraterrestrische Physik
M. D. Caballero-García: Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences
I. M. Carrasco: Universidad de Málaga
A. Castellón: Universidad de Málaga
N. Castro Segura: University of Southampton
A. J. Castro-Tirado: Unidad Asociada al CSIC Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática, E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Málaga
S. V. Cherukuri: Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology
A. M. Cockeram: Liverpool John Moores University
P. D’Avanzo: INAF, Astronomical Observatory of Brera
A. Dato: Osservatorio Astronomico ‘S. Di Giacomo’ AstroCampania
R. Diretse: University of Cape Town
R. P. Fender: University of Oxford, Keble Road
E. Fernández-García: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC)
J. P. U. Fynbo: Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)
A. S. Fruchter: Space Telescope Science Institute
J. Greiner: Max-Planck Institut für extraterrestrische Physik
M. Gromadzki: University of Warsaw
K. E. Heintz: Science Institute, University of Iceland
I. Heywood: Rhodes University
A. J. Horst: The George Washington University
Y.-D. Hu: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC)
C. Inserra: Cardiff University
L. Izzo: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC)
V. Jaiswal: Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology
P. Jakobsson: Science Institute, University of Iceland
J. Japelj: University of Amsterdam
E. Kankare: University of Turku
D. A. Kann: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC)
C. Kouveliotou: The George Washington University
S. Klose: Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
A. J. Levan: Radboud University
X. Y. Li: Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM/UMA-CSIC)
S. Lotti: INAF-IAPS
K. Maguire: Trinity College Dublin
D. B. Malesani: Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)
I. Manulis: Weizmann Institute of Science
M. Marongiu: University of Ferrara
S. Martin: European Southern Observatory
A. Melandri: INAF, Astronomical Observatory of Brera
M. J. Michałowski: Adam Mickiewicz University
J. C. A. Miller-Jones: Curtin University
K. Misra: Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences
A. Moin: United Arab Emirates University
K. P. Mooley: National Radio Astronomy Observatory
S. Nasri: United Arab Emirates University
M. Nicholl: University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory
A. Noschese: Osservatorio Astronomico ‘S. Di Giacomo’ AstroCampania
G. Novara: Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia
S. B. Pandey: Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences
E. Peretti: University of Ferrara
C. J. Pérez Pulgar: Unidad Asociada al CSIC Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática, E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Málaga
M. A. Pérez-Torres: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC)
D. A. Perley: Liverpool John Moores University
L. Piro: INAF-IAPS
F. Ragosta: INAF - Astronomical Observatory of Naples
L. Resmi: Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology
R. Ricci: INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia
A. Rossi: INAF Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
R. Sánchez-Ramírez: INAF-IAPS
J. Selsing: Copenhagen University
S. Schulze: Weizmann Institute of Science
S. J. Smartt: Queen’s University Belfast
I. A. Smith: Rice University
V. V. Sokolov: Special Astrophysical Observatory (SAO-RAS)
J. Stevens: Paul Wild Observatory
N. R. Tanvir: University of Leicester
C. C. Thöne: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC)
A. Tiengo: Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia
E. Tremou: AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay
E. Troja: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
A. Ugarte Postigo: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC)
A. F. Valeev: Special Astrophysical Observatory (SAO-RAS)
S. D. Vergani: GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, CNRS
M. Wieringa: CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science
P. A. Woudt: University of Cape Town
D. Xu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
O. Yaron: Weizmann Institute of Science
D. R. Young: Queen’s University Belfast

Nature, 2019, vol. 575, issue 7783, 459-463

Abstract: Abstract Long-duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) originate from ultra-relativistic jets launched from the collapsing cores of dying massive stars. They are characterized by an initial phase of bright and highly variable radiation in the kiloelectronvolt-to-megaelectronvolt band, which is probably produced within the jet and lasts from milliseconds to minutes, known as the prompt emission1,2. Subsequently, the interaction of the jet with the surrounding medium generates shock waves that are responsible for the afterglow emission, which lasts from days to months and occurs over a broad energy range from the radio to the gigaelectronvolt bands1–6. The afterglow emission is generally well explained as synchrotron radiation emitted by electrons accelerated by the external shock7–9. Recently, intense long-lasting emission between 0.2 and 1 teraelectronvolts was observed from GRB 190114C10,11. Here we report multi-frequency observations of GRB 190114C, and study the evolution in time of the GRB emission across 17 orders of magnitude in energy, from 5 × 10−6 to 1012 electronvolts. We find that the broadband spectral energy distribution is double-peaked, with the teraelectronvolt emission constituting a distinct spectral component with power comparable to the synchrotron component. This component is associated with the afterglow and is satisfactorily explained by inverse Compton up-scattering of synchrotron photons by high-energy electrons. We find that the conditions required to account for the observed teraelectronvolt component are typical for GRBs, supporting the possibility that inverse Compton emission is commonly produced in GRBs.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1754-6

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