Atomic imaging of the edge structure and growth of a two-dimensional hexagonal ice

Runze Ma, Duanyun Cao, Chongqin Zhu, Ye Tian, Jinbo Peng, Jing Guo, Ji Chen, Xin-Zheng Li, Joseph S. Francisco, Xiao Cheng Zeng (), Li-Mei Xu (), En-Ge Wang () and Ying Jiang ()
Additional contact information
Runze Ma: Peking University
Duanyun Cao: Peking University
Chongqin Zhu: University of Pennsylvania
Ye Tian: Peking University
Jinbo Peng: Peking University
Jing Guo: Peking University
Ji Chen: Peking University
Xin-Zheng Li: Peking University
Joseph S. Francisco: University of Pennsylvania
Xiao Cheng Zeng: University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Li-Mei Xu: Peking University
En-Ge Wang: Peking University
Ying Jiang: Peking University

Nature, 2020, vol. 577, issue 7788, 60-63

Abstract: Abstract The formation and growth of water-ice layers on surfaces and of low-dimensional ice under confinement are frequent occurrences1–4. This is exemplified by the extensive reporting of two-dimensional (2D) ice on metals5–11, insulating surfaces12–16, graphite and graphene17,18 and under strong confinement14,19–22. Although structured water adlayers and 2D ice have been imaged, capturing the metastable or intermediate edge structures involved in the 2D ice growth, which could reveal the underlying growth mechanisms, is extremely challenging, owing to the fragility and short lifetime of those edge structures. Here we show that noncontact atomic-force microscopy with a CO-terminated tip (used previously to image interfacial water with minimal perturbation)12, enables real-space imaging of the edge structures of 2D bilayer hexagonal ice grown on a Au(111) surface. We find that armchair-type edges coexist with the zigzag edges usually observed in 2D hexagonal crystals, and freeze these samples during growth to identify the intermediate edge structures. Combined with simulations, these experiments enable us to reconstruct the growth processes that, in the case of the zigzag edge, involve the addition of water molecules to the existing edge and a collective bridging mechanism. Armchair edge growth, by contrast, involves local seeding and edge reconstruction and thus contrasts with conventional views regarding the growth of bilayer hexagonal ices and 2D hexagonal matter in general.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1853-4

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