Entanglement of two quantum memories via fibres over dozens of kilometres

Yong Yu, Fei Ma, Xi-Yu Luo, Bo Jing, Peng-Fei Sun, Ren-Zhou Fang, Chao-Wei Yang, Hui Liu, Ming-Yang Zheng, Xiu-Ping Xie, Wei-Jun Zhang, Li-Xing You, Zhen Wang, Teng-Yun Chen, Qiang Zhang (), Xiao-Hui Bao () and Jian-Wei Pan ()
Additional contact information
Yong Yu: University of Science and Technology of China
Fei Ma: University of Science and Technology of China
Xi-Yu Luo: University of Science and Technology of China
Bo Jing: University of Science and Technology of China
Peng-Fei Sun: University of Science and Technology of China
Ren-Zhou Fang: University of Science and Technology of China
Chao-Wei Yang: University of Science and Technology of China
Hui Liu: University of Science and Technology of China
Ming-Yang Zheng: Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology
Xiu-Ping Xie: Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology
Wei-Jun Zhang: Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences
Li-Xing You: Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhen Wang: Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences
Teng-Yun Chen: University of Science and Technology of China
Qiang Zhang: University of Science and Technology of China
Xiao-Hui Bao: University of Science and Technology of China
Jian-Wei Pan: University of Science and Technology of China

Nature, 2020, vol. 578, issue 7794, 240-245

Abstract: Abstract A quantum internet that connects remote quantum processors1,2 should enable a number of revolutionary applications such as distributed quantum computing. Its realization will rely on entanglement of remote quantum memories over long distances. Despite enormous progress3–12, at present the maximal physical separation achieved between two nodes is 1.3 kilometres10, and challenges for longer distances remain. Here we demonstrate entanglement of two atomic ensembles in one laboratory via photon transmission through city-scale optical fibres. The atomic ensembles function as quantum memories that store quantum states. We use cavity enhancement to efficiently create atom–photon entanglement13–15 and we use quantum frequency conversion16 to shift the atomic wavelength to telecommunications wavelengths. We realize entanglement over 22 kilometres of field-deployed fibres via two-photon interference17,18 and entanglement over 50 kilometres of coiled fibres via single-photon interference19. Our experiment could be extended to nodes physically separated by similar distances, which would thus form a functional segment of the atomic quantum network, paving the way towards establishing atomic entanglement over many nodes and over much longer distances.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1976-7

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