Measurement of the quantum geometric tensor and of the anomalous Hall drift

A. Gianfrate, O. Bleu, L. Dominici, V. Ardizzone, M. Giorgi, D. Ballarini, G. Lerario, K. W. West, L. N. Pfeiffer, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Sanvitto () and G. Malpuech ()
Additional contact information
A. Gianfrate: CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia
O. Bleu: Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont
L. Dominici: CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia
V. Ardizzone: CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia
M. Giorgi: CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia
D. Ballarini: CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia
G. Lerario: CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia
K. W. West: Princeton University
L. N. Pfeiffer: Princeton University
D. D. Solnyshkov: Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont
D. Sanvitto: CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia
G. Malpuech: Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont

Nature, 2020, vol. 578, issue 7795, 381-385

Abstract: Abstract Topological physics relies on the structure of the eigenstates of the Hamiltonians. The geometry of the eigenstates is encoded in the quantum geometric tensor1—comprising the Berry curvature2 (crucial for topological matter)3 and the quantum metric4, which defines the distance between the eigenstates. Knowledge of the quantum metric is essential for understanding many phenomena, such as superfluidity in flat bands5, orbital magnetic susceptibility6,7, the exciton Lamb shift8 and the non-adiabatic anomalous Hall effect6,9. However, the quantum geometry of energy bands has not been measured. Here we report the direct measurement of both the Berry curvature and the quantum metric in a two-dimensional continuous medium—a high-finesse planar microcavity10—together with the related anomalous Hall drift. The microcavity hosts strongly coupled exciton–photon modes (exciton polaritons) that are subject to photonic spin–orbit coupling11 from which Dirac cones emerge12, and to exciton Zeeman splitting, breaking time-reversal symmetry. The monopolar and half-skyrmion pseudospin textures are measured using polarization-resolved photoluminescence. The associated quantum geometry of the bands is extracted, enabling prediction of the anomalous Hall drift, which we measure independently using high-resolution spatially resolved epifluorescence. Our results unveil the intrinsic chirality of photonic modes, the cornerstone of topological photonics13–15. These results also experimentally validate the semiclassical description of wavepacket motion in geometrically non-trivial bands9,16. The use of exciton polaritons (interacting photons) opens up possibilities for future studies of quantum fluid physics in topological systems.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1989-2

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