Tracking of marine predators to protect Southern Ocean ecosystems

Mark A. Hindell (), Ryan R. Reisinger, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Luis A. Hückstädt, Philip N. Trathan, Horst Bornemann, Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Steven L. Chown, Daniel P. Costa, Bruno Danis, Mary-Anne Lea, David Thompson, Leigh G. Torres, Anton P. Putte, Rachael Alderman, Virginia Andrews-Goff, Ben Arthur, Grant Ballard, John Bengtson, Marthán N. Bester, Arnoldus Schytte Blix, Lars Boehme, Charles-André Bost, Peter Boveng, Jaimie Cleeland, Rochelle Constantine, Stuart Corney, Robert J. M. Crawford, Luciano Dalla Rosa, P. J. Nico Bruyn, Karine Delord, Sébastien Descamps, Mike Double, Louise Emmerson, Mike Fedak, Ari Friedlaender, Nick Gales, Michael E. Goebel, Kimberly T. Goetz, Christophe Guinet, Simon D. Goldsworthy, Rob Harcourt, Jefferson T. Hinke, Kerstin Jerosch, Akiko Kato, Knowles R. Kerry, Roger Kirkwood, Gerald L. Kooyman, Kit M. Kovacs, Kieran Lawton, Andrew D. Lowther, Christian Lydersen, Phil O’B. Lyver, Azwianewi B. Makhado, Maria E. I. Márquez, Birgitte I. McDonald, Clive R. McMahon, Monica Muelbert, Dominik Nachtsheim, Keith W. Nicholls, Erling S. Nordøy, Silvia Olmastroni, Richard A. Phillips, Pierre Pistorius, Joachim Plötz, Klemens Pütz, Norman Ratcliffe, Peter G. Ryan, Mercedes Santos, Colin Southwell, Iain Staniland, Akinori Takahashi, Arnaud Tarroux, Wayne Trivelpiece, Ewan Wakefield, Henri Weimerskirch, Barbara Wienecke, José C. Xavier, Simon Wotherspoon, Ian D. Jonsen and Ben Raymond
Additional contact information
Mark A. Hindell: University of Tasmania
Ryan R. Reisinger: Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d’Écologie de Chizé-La Rochelle Université, CNRS UMR7372
Yan Ropert-Coudert: Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d’Écologie de Chizé-La Rochelle Université, CNRS UMR7372
Luis A. Hückstädt: University of California Santa Cruz
Philip N. Trathan: Natural Environment Research Council
Horst Bornemann: Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
Jean-Benoît Charrassin: LOCEAN/IPSL, Sorbonne Université-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, UMR7159
Steven L. Chown: Monash University
Daniel P. Costa: University of California Santa Cruz
Bruno Danis: Université Libre de Bruxelles
Mary-Anne Lea: University of Tasmania
David Thompson: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
Leigh G. Torres: Oregon State University
Anton P. Putte: BEDIC, OD Nature, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences
Rachael Alderman: Water and Environment
Virginia Andrews-Goff: University of Tasmania
Ben Arthur: University of Tasmania
Grant Ballard: Point Blue Conservation Science
John Bengtson: NOAA Fisheries
Marthán N. Bester: University of Pretoria
Arnoldus Schytte Blix: UiT-The Arctic University of Norway
Lars Boehme: Scottish Oceans Institute
Charles-André Bost: Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d’Écologie de Chizé-La Rochelle Université, CNRS UMR7372
Peter Boveng: NOAA Fisheries
Jaimie Cleeland: University of Tasmania
Rochelle Constantine: University of Auckland
Stuart Corney: University of Tasmania
Robert J. M. Crawford: Agriculture and Fisheries
Luciano Dalla Rosa: Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
P. J. Nico Bruyn: University of Pretoria
Karine Delord: Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d’Écologie de Chizé-La Rochelle Université, CNRS UMR7372
Sébastien Descamps: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre
Mike Double: Water and the Environment
Louise Emmerson: Water and the Environment
Mike Fedak: Scottish Oceans Institute
Ari Friedlaender: University of California Santa Cruz
Nick Gales: Water and the Environment
Michael E. Goebel: University of California Santa Cruz
Kimberly T. Goetz: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
Christophe Guinet: Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d’Écologie de Chizé-La Rochelle Université, CNRS UMR7372
Simon D. Goldsworthy: West Beach
Rob Harcourt: Macquarie University
Jefferson T. Hinke: NOAA Fisheries
Kerstin Jerosch: Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
Akiko Kato: Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d’Écologie de Chizé-La Rochelle Université, CNRS UMR7372
Knowles R. Kerry: Water and the Environment
Roger Kirkwood: Water and the Environment
Gerald L. Kooyman: University of California San Diego
Kit M. Kovacs: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre
Kieran Lawton: Water and the Environment
Andrew D. Lowther: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre
Christian Lydersen: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre
Phil O’B. Lyver: Landcare Research
Azwianewi B. Makhado: Agriculture and Fisheries
Maria E. I. Márquez: Instituto Antártico Argentino
Birgitte I. McDonald: San José State University
Clive R. McMahon: University of Tasmania
Monica Muelbert: University of Tasmania
Dominik Nachtsheim: Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
Keith W. Nicholls: Natural Environment Research Council
Erling S. Nordøy: UiT-The Arctic University of Norway
Silvia Olmastroni: della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena
Richard A. Phillips: Natural Environment Research Council
Pierre Pistorius: DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Nelson Mandela University
Joachim Plötz: Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
Klemens Pütz: Antarctic Research Trust
Norman Ratcliffe: Natural Environment Research Council
Peter G. Ryan: University of Cape Town
Mercedes Santos: Instituto Antártico Argentino
Colin Southwell: Water and the Environment
Iain Staniland: Natural Environment Research Council
Akinori Takahashi: National Institute of Polar Research
Arnaud Tarroux: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre
Wayne Trivelpiece: NOAA Fisheries
Ewan Wakefield: University of Glasgow
Henri Weimerskirch: Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d’Écologie de Chizé-La Rochelle Université, CNRS UMR7372
Barbara Wienecke: Water and the Environment
José C. Xavier: Natural Environment Research Council
Simon Wotherspoon: University of Tasmania
Ian D. Jonsen: Macquarie University
Ben Raymond: University of Tasmania

Nature, 2020, vol. 580, issue 7801, 87-92

Abstract: Abstract Southern Ocean ecosystems are under pressure from resource exploitation and climate change1,2. Mitigation requires the identification and protection of Areas of Ecological Significance (AESs), which have so far not been determined at the ocean-basin scale. Here, using assemblage-level tracking of marine predators, we identify AESs for this globally important region and assess current threats and protection levels. Integration of more than 4,000 tracks from 17 bird and mammal species reveals AESs around sub-Antarctic islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and over the Antarctic continental shelf. Fishing pressure is disproportionately concentrated inside AESs, and climate change over the next century is predicted to impose pressure on these areas, particularly around the Antarctic continent. At present, 7.1% of the ocean south of 40°S is under formal protection, including 29% of the total AESs. The establishment and regular revision of networks of protection that encompass AESs are needed to provide long-term mitigation of growing pressures on Southern Ocean ecosystems.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2126-y

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