Engineering covalently bonded 2D layered materials by self-intercalation

Xiaoxu Zhao, Peng Song, Chengcai Wang, Anders C. Riis-Jensen, Wei Fu, Ya Deng, Dongyang Wan, Lixing Kang, Shoucong Ning, Jiadong Dan, T. Venkatesan, Zheng Liu, Wu Zhou, Kristian S. Thygesen, Xin Luo (), Stephen J. Pennycook () and Kian Ping Loh ()
Additional contact information
Xiaoxu Zhao: National University of Singapore
Peng Song: National University of Singapore
Chengcai Wang: Southern University of Science and Technology
Anders C. Riis-Jensen: Technical University of Denmark
Wei Fu: National University of Singapore
Ya Deng: Nanyang Technological University
Dongyang Wan: NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore
Lixing Kang: Nanyang Technological University
Shoucong Ning: National University of Singapore
Jiadong Dan: National University of Singapore
T. Venkatesan: National University of Singapore
Zheng Liu: Nanyang Technological University
Wu Zhou: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Kristian S. Thygesen: Technical University of Denmark
Xin Luo: Sun Yat-sen University
Stephen J. Pennycook: National University of Singapore
Kian Ping Loh: National University of Singapore

Nature, 2020, vol. 581, issue 7807, 171-177

Abstract: Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) materials1–5 offer a unique platform from which to explore the physics of topology and many-body phenomena. New properties can be generated by filling the van der Waals gap of 2D materials with intercalants6,7; however, post-growth intercalation has usually been limited to alkali metals8–10. Here we show that the self-intercalation of native atoms11,12 into bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides during growth generates a class of ultrathin, covalently bonded materials, which we name ic-2D. The stoichiometry of these materials is defined by periodic occupancy patterns of the octahedral vacancy sites in the van der Waals gap, and their properties can be tuned by varying the coverage and the spatial arrangement of the filled sites7,13. By performing growth under high metal chemical potential14,15 we can access a range of tantalum-intercalated TaS(Se)y, including 25% Ta-intercalated Ta9S16, 33.3% Ta-intercalated Ta7S12, 50% Ta-intercalated Ta10S16, 66.7% Ta-intercalated Ta8Se12 (which forms a Kagome lattice) and 100% Ta-intercalated Ta9Se12. Ferromagnetic order was detected in some of these intercalated phases. We also demonstrate that self-intercalated V11S16, In11Se16 and FexTey can be grown under metal-rich conditions. Our work establishes self-intercalation as an approach through which to grow a new class of 2D materials with stoichiometry- or composition-dependent properties.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2241-9

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