Controlling free electrons with optical whispering-gallery modes

Ofer Kfir (), Hugo Lourenço-Martins, Gero Storeck, Murat Sivis, Tyler R. Harvey, Tobias J. Kippenberg, Armin Feist and Claus Ropers ()
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Ofer Kfir: University of Göttingen, IV Physical Institute
Hugo Lourenço-Martins: University of Göttingen, IV Physical Institute
Gero Storeck: University of Göttingen, IV Physical Institute
Murat Sivis: University of Göttingen, IV Physical Institute
Tyler R. Harvey: University of Göttingen, IV Physical Institute
Tobias J. Kippenberg: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)
Armin Feist: University of Göttingen, IV Physical Institute
Claus Ropers: University of Göttingen, IV Physical Institute

Nature, 2020, vol. 582, issue 7810, 46-49

Abstract: Abstract Free-electron beams are versatile probes of microscopic structure and composition1,2, and have revolutionized atomic-scale imaging in several fields, from solid-state physics to structural biology3. Over the past decade, the manipulation and interaction of electrons with optical fields have enabled considerable progress in imaging methods4, near-field electron acceleration5,6, and four-dimensional microscopy techniques with high temporal and spatial resolution7. However, electron beams typically couple only weakly to optical excitations, and emerging applications in electron control and sensing8–11 require large enhancements using tailored fields and interactions. Here we couple a free-electron beam to a travelling-wave resonant cavity mode. The enhanced interaction with the optical whispering-gallery modes of dielectric microresonators induces a strong phase modulation on co-propagating electrons, which leads to a spectral broadening of 700 electronvolts, corresponding to the absorption and emission of hundreds of photons. By mapping the near-field interaction with ultrashort electron pulses in space and time, we trace the lifetime of the the microresonator following a femtosecond excitation and observe the spectral response of the cavity. The natural matching of free electrons to these quintessential optical modes could enable the application of integrated photonics technology in electron microscopy, with broad implications for attosecond structuring, probing quantum emitters and possible electron–light entanglement.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2320-y

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