Variable water input controls evolution of the Lesser Antilles volcanic arc

George F. Cooper (), Colin G. Macpherson, Jon D. Blundy, Benjamin Maunder, Robert W. Allen, Saskia Goes, Jenny S Collier, Lidong Bie, Nicholas Harmon, Stephen P. Hicks, Alexander A. Iveson, Julie Prytulak, Andreas Rietbrock, Catherine A. Rychert and Jon P. Davidson
Additional contact information
George F. Cooper: University of Bristol
Colin G. Macpherson: Durham University
Jon D. Blundy: University of Bristol
Benjamin Maunder: Imperial College London
Robert W. Allen: Imperial College London
Saskia Goes: Imperial College London
Jenny S Collier: Imperial College London
Lidong Bie: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Nicholas Harmon: University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre
Stephen P. Hicks: Imperial College London
Alexander A. Iveson: Durham University
Julie Prytulak: Durham University
Andreas Rietbrock: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Catherine A. Rychert: University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre
Jon P. Davidson: Durham University

Nature, 2020, vol. 582, issue 7813, 525-529

Abstract: Abstract Oceanic lithosphere carries volatiles, notably water, into the mantle through subduction at convergent plate boundaries. This subducted water exercises control on the production of magma, earthquakes, formation of continental crust and mineral resources. Identifying different potential fluid sources (sediments, crust and mantle lithosphere) and tracing fluids from their release to the surface has proved challenging1. Atlantic subduction zones are a valuable endmember when studying this deep water cycle because hydration in Atlantic lithosphere, produced by slow spreading, is expected to be highly non-uniform2. Here, as part of a multi-disciplinary project in the Lesser Antilles volcanic arc3, we studied boron trace element and isotopic fingerprints of melt inclusions. These reveal that serpentine—that is, hydrated mantle rather than crust or sediments—is a dominant supplier of subducted water to the central arc. This serpentine is most likely to reside in a set of major fracture zones subducted beneath the central arc over approximately the past ten million years. The current dehydration of these fracture zones coincides with the current locations of the highest rates of earthquakes and prominent low shear velocities, whereas the preceding history of dehydration is consistent with the locations of higher volcanic productivity and thicker arc crust. These combined geochemical and geophysical data indicate that the structure and hydration of the subducted plate are directly connected to the evolution of the arc and its associated seismic and volcanic hazards.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2407-5

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