A fabrication process for flexible single-crystal perovskite devices

Yusheng Lei, Yimu Chen, Ruiqi Zhang, Yuheng Li, Qizhang Yan, Seunghyun Lee, Yugang Yu, Hsinhan Tsai, Woojin Choi, Kaiping Wang, Yanqi Luo, Yue Gu, Xinran Zheng, Chunfeng Wang, Chonghe Wang, Hongjie Hu, Yang Li, Baiyan Qi, Muyang Lin, Zhuorui Zhang, Shadi A. Dayeh, Matt Pharr, David P. Fenning, Yu-Hwa Lo, Jian Luo, Kesong Yang, Jinkyoung Yoo, Wanyi Nie and Sheng Xu ()
Additional contact information
Yusheng Lei: University of California San Diego
Yimu Chen: University of California San Diego
Ruiqi Zhang: University of California San Diego
Yuheng Li: University of California San Diego
Qizhang Yan: University of California San Diego
Seunghyun Lee: Texas A&M University
Yugang Yu: University of California San Diego
Hsinhan Tsai: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Woojin Choi: University of California San Diego
Kaiping Wang: University of California San Diego
Yanqi Luo: University of California San Diego
Yue Gu: University of California San Diego
Xinran Zheng: Tsinghua University
Chunfeng Wang: Shenzhen University
Chonghe Wang: University of California San Diego
Hongjie Hu: University of California San Diego
Yang Li: University of California San Diego
Baiyan Qi: University of California San Diego
Muyang Lin: University of California San Diego
Zhuorui Zhang: University of California San Diego
Shadi A. Dayeh: University of California San Diego
Matt Pharr: Texas A&M University
David P. Fenning: University of California San Diego
Yu-Hwa Lo: University of California San Diego
Jian Luo: University of California San Diego
Kesong Yang: University of California San Diego
Jinkyoung Yoo: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Wanyi Nie: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Sheng Xu: University of California San Diego

Nature, 2020, vol. 583, issue 7818, 790-795

Abstract: Abstract Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have electronic and optoelectronic properties that make them appealing in many device applications1–4. Although many approaches focus on polycrystalline materials5–7, single-crystal hybrid perovskites show improved carrier transport and enhanced stability over their polycrystalline counterparts, due to their orientation-dependent transport behaviour8–10 and lower defect concentrations11,12. However, the fabrication of single-crystal hybrid perovskites, and controlling their morphology and composition, are challenging12. Here we report a solution-based lithography-assisted epitaxial-growth-and-transfer method for fabricating single-crystal hybrid perovskites on arbitrary substrates, with precise control of their thickness (from about 600 nanometres to about 100 micrometres), area (continuous thin films up to about 5.5 centimetres by 5.5 centimetres), and composition gradient in the thickness direction (for example, from methylammonium lead iodide, MAPbI3, to MAPb0.5Sn0.5I3). The transferred single-crystal hybrid perovskites are of comparable quality to those directly grown on epitaxial substrates, and are mechanically flexible depending on the thickness. Lead–tin gradient alloying allows the formation of a graded electronic bandgap, which increases the carrier mobility and impedes carrier recombination. Devices based on these single-crystal hybrid perovskites show not only high stability against various degradation factors but also good performance (for example, solar cells based on lead–tin-gradient structures with an average efficiency of 18.77 per cent).

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2526-z

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