A disordered rock salt anode for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries

Haodong Liu, Zhuoying Zhu, Qizhang Yan, Sicen Yu, Xin He, Yan Chen, Rui Zhang, Lu Ma, Tongchao Liu, Matthew Li, Ruoqian Lin, Yiming Chen, Yejing Li, Xing Xing, Yoonjung Choi, Lucy Gao, Helen Sung-yun Cho, Ke An, Jun Feng, Robert Kostecki, Khalil Amine, Tianpin Wu, Jun Lu (), Huolin L. Xin (), Shyue Ping Ong () and Ping Liu ()
Additional contact information
Haodong Liu: University of California, San Diego
Zhuoying Zhu: University of California, San Diego
Qizhang Yan: University of California, San Diego
Sicen Yu: University of California, San Diego
Xin He: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Yan Chen: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Rui Zhang: University of California, Irvine
Lu Ma: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Tongchao Liu: Argonne National Laboratory
Matthew Li: Argonne National Laboratory
Ruoqian Lin: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Yiming Chen: University of California, San Diego
Yejing Li: University of California, San Diego
Xing Xing: University of California, San Diego
Yoonjung Choi: University of California, San Diego
Lucy Gao: Del Norte High School
Helen Sung-yun Cho: Canyon Crest Academy
Ke An: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Jun Feng: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Robert Kostecki: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Khalil Amine: Argonne National Laboratory
Tianpin Wu: Argonne National Laboratory
Jun Lu: Argonne National Laboratory
Huolin L. Xin: University of California, Irvine
Shyue Ping Ong: University of California, San Diego
Ping Liu: University of California, San Diego

Nature, 2020, vol. 585, issue 7823, 63-67

Abstract: Abstract Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries with high energy density that can be safely charged and discharged at high rates are desirable for electrified transportation and other applications1–3. However, the sub-optimal intercalation potentials of current anodes result in a trade-off between energy density, power and safety. Here we report that disordered rock salt4,5 Li3+xV2O5 can be used as a fast-charging anode that can reversibly cycle two lithium ions at an average voltage of about 0.6 volts versus a Li/Li+ reference electrode. The increased potential compared to graphite6,7 reduces the likelihood of lithium metal plating if proper charging controls are used, alleviating a major safety concern (short-circuiting related to Li dendrite growth). In addition, a lithium-ion battery with a disordered rock salt Li3V2O5 anode yields a cell voltage much higher than does a battery using a commercial fast-charging lithium titanate anode or other intercalation anode candidates (Li3VO4 and LiV0.5Ti0.5S2)8,9. Further, disordered rock salt Li3V2O5 can perform over 1,000 charge–discharge cycles with negligible capacity decay and exhibits exceptional rate capability, delivering over 40 per cent of its capacity in 20 seconds. We attribute the low voltage and high rate capability of disordered rock salt Li3V2O5 to a redistributive lithium intercalation mechanism with low energy barriers revealed via ab initio calculations. This low-potential, high-rate intercalation reaction can be used to identify other metal oxide anodes for fast-charging, long-life lithium-ion batteries.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2637-6

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