Van der Waals heterostructure polaritons with moiré-induced nonlinearity

Long Zhang, Fengcheng Wu, Shaocong Hou, Zhe Zhang, Yu-Hsun Chou, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Stephen R. Forrest and Hui Deng ()
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Long Zhang: University of Michigan
Fengcheng Wu: University of Maryland
Shaocong Hou: University of Michigan
Zhe Zhang: University of Michigan
Yu-Hsun Chou: National Cheng Kung University
Kenji Watanabe: National Institute for Materials Science
Takashi Taniguchi: National Institute for Materials Science
Stephen R. Forrest: University of Michigan
Hui Deng: University of Michigan

Nature, 2021, vol. 591, issue 7848, 61-65

Abstract: Abstract Controlling matter–light interactions with cavities is of fundamental importance in modern science and technology1. This is exemplified in the strong-coupling regime, where matter–light hybrid modes form, with properties that are controllable by optical-wavelength photons2,3. By contrast, matter excitations on the nanometre scale are harder to access. In two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures, a tunable moiré lattice potential for electronic excitations may form4, enabling the generation of correlated electron gases in the lattice potentials5–9. Excitons confined in moiré lattices have also been reported10,11, but no cooperative effects have been observed and interactions with light have remained perturbative12–15. Here, by integrating MoSe2–WS2 heterobilayers in a microcavity, we establish cooperative coupling between moiré-lattice excitons and microcavity photons up to the temperature of liquid nitrogen, thereby integrating versatile control of both matter and light into one platform. The density dependence of the moiré polaritons reveals strong nonlinearity due to exciton blockade, suppressed exciton energy shift and suppressed excitation-induced dephasing, all of which are consistent with the quantum confined nature of the moiré excitons. Such a moiré polariton system combines strong nonlinearity and microscopic-scale tuning of matter excitations using cavity engineering and long-range light coherence, providing a platform with which to study collective phenomena from tunable arrays of quantum emitters.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03228-5

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