Climate-driven flyway changes and memory-based long-distance migration

Zhongru Gu, Shengkai Pan, Zhenzhen Lin, Li Hu, Xiaoyang Dai, Jiang Chang, Yuanchao Xue, Han Su, Juan Long, Mengru Sun, Sergey Ganusevich, Vasiliy Sokolov, Aleksandr Sokolov, Ivan Pokrovsky, Fen Ji, Michael W. Bruford, Andrew Dixon and Xiangjiang Zhan ()
Additional contact information
Zhongru Gu: Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Shengkai Pan: Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhenzhen Lin: Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Li Hu: Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiaoyang Dai: University of Bristol
Jiang Chang: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
Yuanchao Xue: Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Han Su: Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Juan Long: Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Mengru Sun: University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Sergey Ganusevich: Wild Animal Rescue Centre
Vasiliy Sokolov: Ural Division Russian Academy of Sciences
Aleksandr Sokolov: Ural Division Russian Academy of Sciences
Ivan Pokrovsky: Ural Division Russian Academy of Sciences
Fen Ji: Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Michael W. Bruford: Cardiff University–Institute of Zoology Joint Laboratory for Biocomplexity Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Andrew Dixon: Cardiff University–Institute of Zoology Joint Laboratory for Biocomplexity Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiangjiang Zhan: Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature, 2021, vol. 591, issue 7849, 259-264

Abstract: Abstract Millions of migratory birds occupy seasonally favourable breeding grounds in the Arctic1, but we know little about the formation, maintenance and future of the migration routes of Arctic birds and the genetic determinants of migratory distance. Here we established a continental-scale migration system that used satellite tracking to follow 56 peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) from 6 populations that breed in the Eurasian Arctic, and resequenced 35 genomes from 4 of these populations. The breeding populations used five migration routes across Eurasia, which were probably formed by longitudinal and latitudinal shifts in their breeding grounds during the transition from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene epoch. Contemporary environmental divergence between the routes appears to maintain their distinctiveness. We found that the gene ADCY8 is associated with population-level differences in migratory distance. We investigated the regulatory mechanism of this gene, and found that long-term memory was the most likely selective agent for divergence in ADCY8 among the peregrine populations. Global warming is predicted to influence migration strategies and diminish the breeding ranges of peregrine populations of the Eurasian Arctic. Harnessing ecological interactions and evolutionary processes to study climate-driven changes in migration can facilitate the conservation of migratory birds.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03265-0

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